
The Communion of Saints
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( communo sanctorum , a fellowship of, or with, the saints).
The doctrine expressed in the second clause of the ninth article in the received text of the Apostles' Creed : "I believe. . . the Holy Catholic Church, the Communion of Saints". This, probably the latest, addition to the old Roman Symbol is found in:
- the Gallican Liturgy of the seventh century (P.L., LXXII, 349, 597);
- in some letters of the Pseudo-Augustine (P. L., XXXIX, 2189, 2191, 2194), now credited to St. Caesarius of Arles (c. 543);
- in the "De Spiritu Sancto" (P. L., LXII, 11), ascribed to Faustus of Riez (c. 460);
- in the "Explanatio Symboli" (P. L., LII, 871) of Nicetas of Remesiana (c. 400); and
- in two documents of uncertain date, the "Fides Hieronymi", and an Armenian confession.
Catholic Doctrine
The communion of saints is the spiritual solidarity which binds together the faithful on earth, the souls in purgatory, and the saints in heaven in the organic unity of the same mystical body under Christ its head, and in a constant interchange of supernatural offices. The participants in that solidarity are called saints by reason of their destination and of their partaking of the fruits of the Redemption ( 1 Corinthians 1:2 &151; Greek Text). The damned are thus excluded from the communion of saints. The living, even if they do not belong to the body of the true Church, share in it according to the measure of their union with Christ and with the soul of the Church. St. Thomas teaches (III:8:4) that the angels, though not redeemed, enter the communion of saints because they come under Christ's power and receive of His gratia capitis . The solidarity itself implies a variety of inter-relations: within the Church Militant, not only the participation in the same faith, sacraments, and government, but also a mutual exchange of examples, prayers, merits, and satisfactions; between the Church on earth on the one hand, and purgatory and heaven on the other, suffrages, invocation, intercession, veneration. These connotations belong here only in so far as they integrate the transcendent idea of spiritual solidarity between all the children of God. Thus understood, the communion of saints, though formally defined only in its particular bearings (Council of Trent, Sess. XXV, decrees on purgatory; on the invocation, veneration, and relics of saints and of sacred images; on indulgences), is, nevertheless, dogma commonly taught and accepted in the Church. It is true that the Catechism of the Council of Trent (Pt. I, ch. x) seems at first sight to limit to the living the bearing of the phrase contained in the Creed, but by making the communion of saints an exponent and function, as it were, of the preceding clause, "the Holy Catholic Church ", it really extends to what it calls the Church's "constituent parts, one gone before, the other following every day"; the broad principle it enunciates thus: "every pious and holy action done by one belongs and is profitable to all, through charity which seeketh not her own".
In this vast Catholic conception rationalists see not only a late creation, but also an ill-disguised reversion to a lower religious type, a purely mechanical process of justification, the substitution of impersonal moral value in lieu of personal responsibility. Such statements are met best, by the presentation of the dogma in its Scriptural basis and its theological formulation. The first spare yet clear outline of the communion of saints is found in the "kingdom of God" of the Synoptics, not the individualistic creation of Harnack nor the purely eschatological conception of Loisy, but an organic whole ( Matthew 13:31 ), which embraces in the bonds of charity ( Matthew 22:39 ) all the children of God ( Matthew 19:28 ; Luke 20:36 ) on earth and in heaven ( Matthew 6:20 ), the angels themselves joining in that fraternity of souls ( Luke 15:10 ). One cannot read the parables of the kingdom ( Matthew 13 ) without perceiving its corporate nature and the continuity which links together the kingdom in our midst and the kingdom to come. The nature of that communion, called by St. John a fellowship with one another ("a fellowship with us"-- 1 John 1:3 ) because it is a fellowship with the Father, and with his Son", and compared by him to the organic and vital union of the vine and its branches ( John 15 ), stands out in bold relief in the Pauline conception of the mystical body. Repeatedly St. Paul speaks of the one body whose head is Christ ( Colossians 1:18 ), whose energizing principle is charity ( Ephesians 4:16 ), whose members are the saints, not only of this world, but also of the world to come ( Ephesians 1:20 ; Hebrews 12:22 ). In that communion there is no loss of individuality, yet such an interdependence that the saints are "members one of another" ( Romans 12:5 ), not only sharing the same blessings ( 1 Corinthians 12:13 ) and exchanging good offices (ibid., xii, 25) and prayers ( Ephesians 6:18 ), but also partaking of the same corporate life, for "the whole body . . . by what every joint supplieth . . . maketh increase . . . unto the edifying of itself in charity" ( Ephesians 4:16 ).
Recent well-known researches in Christian epigraphy have brought out clear and abundant proof of the principal manifestations of the communion of saints in the early Church. Similar evidence, is to be found in the Apostolic Fathers with an occasional allusion to the Pauline conception. For an attempt at the formulation of the dogma we have to come down to the Alexandrian School. Clement of Alexandria shows the "gnostic's" ultimate relations with the angels (Strom., VI, xii, 10) and the departed souls (ibid., VIII, xii, 78); and he all but formulates the thesaurus ecclesiae in his presentation of the vicarious martyrdom, not of Christ alone, but also of the Apostles and other martyrs (ibid., IV, xii, 87). Origen enlarges, almost to exaggeration, on the idea of vicarious martyrdom (Exhort. ad martyr., ch. 1) and of communion between man and angels (De orat., xxxi); and accounts for it by the unifying power of Christ's Redemption ), ut caelestibus terrena sociaret (In Levit., hom. iv) and the force of charity, stranger in heaven than upon earth (De orat., xi). With St. Basil and St. John Chrysostom the communion of saints has become an obvious tenet used as an answer to such popular objections as these: what, need of a communion with others? (Basil, Ep. cciii) another has sinned and I shall atone? (Chrysostom, Hom. i, de poenit.). St. John Damascene has only to collect the sayings of the Fathers in order to support the dogma of the invocation of the saints and the prayers for the dead .
But the complete presentation of the dogma comes from the later Fathers. After the statements of Tertullian, speaking of "common hope, fear, joy, sorrow, and suffering" (De poenit., ix and x); of St. Cyprian, explicitly setting forth the communion of merits (De lapsis, xvii); of St. Hilary, giving the Eucharistic Communion as a means and symbol of the communion of saints (in Ps. lxiv, 14), we come to the teaching of Ambrose and St. Augustine. From the former, the thesaurus ecclesiae , the best practical test of the reunion of saints, receives a definite explanation (De poenit., I, xv; De officiis, I, xix). In the transcendent view of the Church taken by the latter (Enchir., lvi) the communion of saints, though never so called by him, is a necessity ; to the Civitas Dei must needs correspond the unitas caritatis (De unitate eccl., ii), which embraces in an effective union the saints and angels in heaven (Enarr. in Psalmos, XXXVI, iii, 4), the just on earth (De bapt., III, xvii), and in a lower degree, the sinners themselves, the putrida membra of the mystic body; only the declared heretics, schismatics, and apostates are excluded from the society, though not from the prayers, of the saints (Serm. cxxxvii). The Augustinian concept, though somewhat obscured in the catechetical expositions of the Creed by the Carlovingian and later theologians (P. L., XCIX, CI, CVIII, CX, CLII, CLXXXVI), takes its place in the medieval synthesis of Peter Lombard, St. Bonaventure, St. Thomas, etc.
Influenced no doubt by early writers like Yvo of Chartres (P. L., CLXII, 606l), Abelard (P. L. CLXXXIII, 630), and probably Alexander of Hales (III, Q. lxix, a, 1), St. Thomas (Expos. in symb. 10) reads in the neuter the phrase of the Creed, communio sanctorum (participation of spiritual goods), but apart from the point of grammar his conception of the dogma is thorough. General principle; the merits of Christ are communicated to all, and the merits of each one are communicated to the others (ibid.). The manner of participation: both objective and intentional, in radice operis, ex intentione facientis (Supp., 71:1) . The measure: the degree of charity (Expos. in symb., 10). The benefits communicated: not the sacraments alone but, the superabundant merits of Christ and the saints forming the thesaurus ecclesia (ibid. and Quodlib., II, Q. viii, a. 16). The participants: the three parts of the Church (Expos. in symb., 9); consequently the faithful on earth exchanging merits and satisfactions ( I-II:113:6, and Suppl., 13:2 ), the souls in purgatory profiting by the suffrages of the living and the intercession of the saints (Suppl., 71), the saints themselves receiving honour and giving intercession ( II-II:83:4, II-II:83:11, III:25:6 ), and also the angels, as noted above. Later Scholastics and post-Reformation theologians have added little to the Thomistic presentation of the dogma. They worked rather around than into it, defending such points as were attacked by heretics, showing the religious, ethical, and social value of the Catholic conception; and they introduced the distinction between the body and the soul of the Church, between actual membership and membership in desire, completing the theory of the relations between church membership and the communion of saints which had already been outlined by St. Optatus of Mileve and St. Augustine at the time of the Donatist controversy. One may regret the plan adopted by the Schoolmen afforded no comprehensive view of the whole dogma, bur rather scattered the various components of it through a vast synthesis. This accounts for the fact that a compact exposition of the communion of saints is to be sought less in the works of our standard theologians than in our catechetical, apologetic, pastoral, and even ascetic literature. It may also partly explain, without excusing them, the gross misrepresentations noticed above.
In the Anglo-Saxon Church
That the Anglo-Saxons held the doctrine of the communion of saints may be judged from the following account given by Lingard in his "History and Antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon Church." They received the practice of venerating the saints, he says, together with the rudiments the Christian religion ; and they manifested their devotion to them both in public and private worship: in public, by celebrating the anniversaries of individual saints, and keeping annually the feast of All-Hallows as a solemnity of the first class; and in their private devotions , by observing the instructions to worship God and then to " pray, first to Saint Mary, and the holy apostles, and the holy martyrs, and all God's saints, that they would intercede for them to God ". In this way they learned to look up to the saints in heaven with feelings of confidence and affection, to consider them as friends and protectors, and to implore their aid in the hour of distress, with the hope that God would grant to the patron what he might otherwise refuse to the supplicant.
Like all other Christians, the Anglo-Saxons held in special veneration "the most holy mother of God, the perpetual virgin Saint Mary " (Beatissima Dei genitrix et perpetua virgo.-Bede, Hom. in Purif.). Her praises were sung by the Saxon poets; hymns in her honour were chanted in the public service; churches and altars were placed under her patronage; miraculous cures were ascribed to her; and four annual feasts were observed commemorating the principal events of her mortal life: her nativity, the Annunciation, her purification, and assumption. Next to the Blessed Virgin in the devotion was Saint Peter, whom Christ had chosen for the leader of the Apostles and to whom he had given the keys of the kingdom of Heaven , "with the chief exercise of judicial power in the Church, to the end that all might know that whosoever should separate himself from the unity of Peter's faith or of Peter's fellowship, that man could never attain absolution from the bonds of sin, nor admission through the gates of the heavenly kingdom " (Bede). These words of the Venerable Bede refer, it is true, to Peter's successors as well as to Peter himself, but they also evidence the veneration of Anglo-Saxons for the Prince of the Apostles, a veneration which they manifested in the number of churches dedicated to his memory, in the pilgrimages made to his tomb, and by the presents sent to the church in which his remains rested and to the bishop who sat in his chair. Particular honours were paid also to Saints Gregory and Augustine, to whom they were chiefly indebted for their knowledge of Christianity. They called Gregory their "foster-father in Christ" and themselves "his foster-children in baptism "; and spoke of Augustine as "the first to bring to them the doctrine of faith, the sacrament of baptism, and the knowledge of their heavenly country". While these saints were honoured by the whole people, each separate nation revered the memory of its own apostle. Thus Saint Aidan in Northumbria, Saint Birinus in Wessex, and Saint Felix in East Anglia were venerated as the protectors of the countries which had been the scenes of their labours. All the saints so far mentioned were of foreign extraction; but the Anglo-Saxons soon extended their devotion to men who had been born and educated among them and who by their virtues and zeal in propagating Christianity had merited the honours of sanctity.
This account of the devotion of the Anglo-Saxons to those whom they looked up to as their friends and protectors in heaven is necessarily brief, but it is amply sufficient to show that they believed and loved the doctrine of the communion of saints.
Protestant Views
Sporadic errors against special points of the communion of saints are pointed out by the Synod of Gangra ( Mansi, II, 1103), St. Cyril of Jerusalem (P. G., XXXIII, 1116), St. Epiphanius (ibid., XLII, 504), Asteritis Amasensis (ibid., XL, 332), and St. Jerome (P. L., XXIII, 362). From the forty-second proposition condemned, and the twenty-ninth question asked, by Martin V at Constance ( Denzinger, nos. 518 and 573), we also know that Wyclif and Hus had gone far towards denying the dogma itself. But the communion of saints became a direct issue only at the time of the Reformation. The Lutheran churches, although commonly adopting the Apostles' Creed, still in their original confessions, either pass over in silence the communion of saints or explain it as the Church's "union with Jesus Christ in the one true faith " ( Luther's Small Catechism), or as "the congregation of saints and true believers" (Augsburg Confession, ibid., III, 12), carefully excluding, if not the memory, at least the invocation of the saints, because Scripture "propoundeth unto us one Christ, the Mediator, Propitiatory, High-Priest, and Intercessor" (ibid., III, 26). The Reformed churches generally maintain the Lutheran identification of the communion of saints with the body of believers but do not limit its meaning to that body. Calvin (Inst. chret., IV, 1, 3) insists that the phrase of the Creed is more than a definition of the Church ; it conveys the meaning of such a fellowship that whatever benefits God bestows upon the believers should mutually communicate to one another. That view is followed in the Heidelberg Catechism, emphasized in the Gallican Confession, wherein communion is made to mean the efforts of believers to mutually strengthen themselves in the fear of God. Zwingli in his articles admits an exchange of prayers between the faithful and hesitates to condemn prayers for the dead , rejecting only the saints' intercession as injurious to Christ. Both the Scotch and Second Helvetic Confessions bring together the Militant and the Triumphant Church, but whereas the former is silent on the signification of the fact, the latter says that they hold communion with each other: "nihilominus habent illae inter sese communionem, vel conjunctionem".
The double and often conflicting influence of Luther and Calvin, with a lingering memory of Catholic orthodoxy, is felt in the Anglican Confessions. On this point the Thirty-nine Articles are decidedly Lutheran, rejecting as they do "the Romish Doctrine concerning Purgatory, Pardons, Worshipping and Adoration as well of Images as of Relics, and also Invocation of Saints", because they see in it "a fond thing, vainly invented, and grounded upon no warranty of Scripture, but rather repugnant to the Word of God ". On the other hand, the Westminster Confession, while ignoring the Suffering and the Triumphant Church, goes beyond the Calvinistic view and falls little short of the Catholic doctrine with regard to the faithful on earth, who, it says, "being united to one another in love, have communion in each other's gifts and graces ". In the United States, the Methodist Articles of Religion, 1784, as well as the Reformed Episcopal Articles of Religion, 1875, follow the teachings of the Thirty-nine Articles, whereas the teaching of the Westminster Confession is adopted in the Philadelphia Baptist Confession, 1688, and in the Confession of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, 1829. Protestant theologians, just as Protestant confessions, waver between the Lutheran and the Calvinistic view.
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The cause of the perversion by Protestants of the traditional concept of communion of saints is not to be found in the alleged lack of Scriptural and early Christian evidence in favour of that concept; well-informed Protestant writers have long since ceased to press that argument. Nor is there any force in the oft-repeated argument that the Catholic dogma detracts from Christ's mediatorship, for it is plain, as St. Thomas had already shown (Suppl., 72:2, ad 1) , that the ministerial mediatorship of the saints does not detract from, but only enhances, the magisterial mediatorship of Christ. Some writers have traced that perversion to the Protestant concept of the Church as an aggregation of souls and a multitude of units bound together by a community of faith and pursuit and by the ties of Christian sympathy, but in no way organized or interdependent as members of the same body. This explanation is defective because the Protestant concept of the Church is a fact parallel to, but in no way causative of, their view of the communion of saints. The true cause must be found elsewhere. As early as 1519, Luther, the better to defend his condemned theses on the papacy, used the clause of the Creed to show that the communion of saints, and not the papacy, was the Church : "non ut aligui somniant, credo ecclesiam esse praelatum . . . sed . . . communionem sanctorum". This was simply playing on the words of the Symbol. At that time Luther still held the traditional communion of saints, little dreaming that he would one day give it up. But he did give it up when he formulated his theory on justification. The substitution of the Protestant motto, "Christ for all and each one for himself". In place of the old axiom of Hugh of St. Victor, "Singula sint omnium et omina singulorum" (each for all and all for each--P. L., CLXXV. 416), is a logical outcome of their concept of justification; not an interior renovation of the soul, nor a veritable regeneration from a common Father, the second Adam, nor yet an incorporation with Christ, the head of the mystical body, but an essentially individualistic act of fiducial faith. In such a theology there is obviously no room for that reciprocal action of the saints, that corporate circulation of spiritual blessings through the members of the same family, that domesticity and saintly citizenship which lies at the very core of the Catholic communion of saints. Justification and the communion of saints go hand in hand. The efforts which are being made towards reviving in Protestantism the old and still cherished dogma of the communion of saints must remain futile unless the true doctrine of justification be also restored.

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Tassoni, AlessandroAlessandro TassoniItalian poet, born at Modena in 1565; died there in 1635. He spent his life in the service of ... |
TatianTatianA second-century apologist about whose antecedents and early history nothing can be affirmed ... |
Tatwin, SaintSaint Tatwin(TATUINI) Archbishop of Canterbury ; died 30 July, 734. A Mercian by birth, he became a ... |
TaubatéTaubate(DE TAUBATÉ) Diocese in Brazil, South America, established on 29 April, 1908, as a ... |
Tauler, JohnJohn TaulerGerman Dominican, one of the greatest mystics and preachers of the Middle Ages, born at ... |
Taunton, EthelredEthelred TauntonWriter, born at Rugeley, Staffordshire, England, 17 Oct., 1857; died in London, 9 May, 1907. He ... |
Taverner, JohnJohn TavernerComposer, b. in the County of Norfolk, England, about 1475; d. at Boston, England, 1535 or 1536. ... |
Tavistock AbbeyTavistock AbbeyTavistock Abbey, on the Tavy River in Devonshire, England, founded for Benedictine monks in ... |
TaviumTaviumA titular see in Galatia Prima, suffragan of Ancyra. Tavium, or Tavia, was the chief city of ... |
Taxa InnocentianaTaxa InnocentianaA Decree issued by Innocent XI, 1 Oct., 1678, regulating the fees that may be demanded or ... |
Taxster, John deJohn de Taxster(TAYSTER) John de Taxster, sometimes erroneously called Taxter or Taxston, was a ... |
Taylor, Frances MargaretFrances Margaret Taylor(MOTHER M. MAGDALEN TAYLOR) Superior General, and foundress of the Poor Servants of the Mother ... |
Taylor, Ven. HughVen. Hugh TaylorEnglish martyr, born at Durham ; hanged, drawn, and quartered at York, 25 (not 26) November, ... |
Te Deum, TheTe DeumAn abbreviated title commonly given both to the original Latin text and the translations of a ... |
Te Lucis Ante TerminumTe Lucis Ante TerminumThe hymn at Compline in the Roman Breviary. The authorship of St. Ambrose, for which Pimont ... |
Tebaldeo, AntonioAntonio TebaldeoItalian poet, born at Ferrara, in 1463; died in 1537. His family name (Tebaldi) he changed to ... |
TegernseeTegernseeCalled Tegrinseo in 817, Tegernsee in 754. A celebrated Benedictine abbey of Bavaria that ... |
TehuantepecTehuantepec(Tehuantepecensis) Diocese in the Republic of Mexico, suffragan of Oaxaca. Its area covers ... |
Teilo, SaintSt. Teilo(Eliud.) "Archbishop" of Llandaff, born at Eccluis Gunniau, near Tenby, Pembrokeshire; died at ... |
Tekakwitha, Blessed KateriBl. Kateri Tekakwitha(Also known as Catherine Tegakwitha/Takwita.) Known as the "Lily of the Mohawks", and the ... |
TeleologyTeleology(From Greek telos , end, and logos , science). Teleology is seldom used according to its ... |
TelepathyTelepathy( tele , far, and pathein , to experience) A term introduced by F.W.H. Myers in 1882 to ... |
TeleseTelese(TELESINENSIS) Telese, a small town in the Province of Benevento, Southern Italy, is situated ... |
Telesio, BernardinoBernardino TelesioItalian humanist and philosopher born of a noble family at Cosenza, near Naples, 1508; died ... |
Telesphorus of CosenzaTelesphorus of Cosenza(THEOPHORUS, THEOLOPHORUS). A name assumed by one of the pseudo-prophets during the time of ... |
Telesphorus, Pope SaintPope St. Telesphorus(Lived about 125-136.) St. Telesphorus was the seventh Roman bishop in succession from the ... |
Tell el-Amarna Tablets, TheThe Tell El-Amarna TabletsThe Tell el-Amarna Tablets are a collection of some 350 clay tablets found in 1887 amid the ruins ... |
Tellier, Michel LeMichel Le TellierBorn 19 April, 1603; died at Paris, 30 Oct., 1685. He was commissioned by Cardinal Mazarin to ... |
TelmessusTelmessusTitular see in Lycia, suffragan of Myra. Telmessus (or incorrectly Telmissis) was a flourishing ... |
TemiskamingTemiskamingThe Vicariate Apostolic of Temiskaming, suffragan of Ottawa, Canada, is bounded on the north by ... |
TemnusTemnusA titular see in Asia, a suffragan of Ephesus. Temnus was a little town of Æolia, near ... |
Tempel, WilhelmWilhelm Tempel(ERNEST LEBERECHT) German astronomer, b. 4 December, 1821, at (Nieder-) Cunnersdorf near ... |
TemperanceTemperance(Latin temperare , to mingle in due proportions; to qualify). Temperance is here considered ... |
Temperance MovementsTemperance MovementsEUROPE Reasons for a temperance movement exist to a greater or less degree in all the countries ... |
Templars, The KnightsThe Knights TemplarThe Knights Templars were the earliest founders of the military orders, and are the type on which ... |
TempleTempleThe Latin form, templum , from which the English temple is derived, originally signified an ... |
Temple of JerusalemTemple of JerusalemThe word "temple" is derived from the Latin templum , signifying an uncovered place affording a ... |
Temple, Sisters of theSisters of the TempleThe Sisters of the Temple (whose full title is S ISTERS OF THE F INDING OF J ESUS IN THE T ... |
TemptationTemptation( Latin tentare , to try or test). Temptation is here taken to be an incitement to sin ... |
Temptation of ChristTemptation of ChristIn the Catholic translation of the Bible , the word "temptation" is used in various senses, ... |
Ten Commandments, TheThe Ten CommandmentsCalled also simply THE COMMANDMENTS, COMMANDMENTS OF GOD, or THE DECALOGUE (Gr. deka , ten, ... |
Ten Thousand Martyrs, TheThe Ten Thousand MartyrsOn two days is a group of ten thousand martyrs mentioned in the Roman Martyrology. On 18 March: ... |
Tencin, Pierre-Guérin dePierre-Guerin TencinFrench statesman and cardinal, b. at Grenoble, 22 August, 1680; d. at Lyons, 2 March, 1758. ... |
TenebræTenebraeTenebræ is the name given to the service of Matins and Lauds belonging to the last three ... |
Tenebrae HearseTenebrae HearseThe Tenebræ Hearse is the triangular candlestick used in the Tenebræ service. The ... |
TenedosTenedosA titular see, suffragan of Rhodes in the Cyclades. The island, called in Turkish ... |
TeneriffeTeneriffeDIOCESE OF TENERIFFE (TENERIFENSIS). Suffragan of Seville, formerly called Nivariensis from ... |
Teniers, DavidDavid TeniersThe name of two eminent Flemish landscape painters ; the elder, born at Antwerp in 1582; ... |
TennesseeTennesseeThe State of Tennessee lies between 35° and 36°30' N. lat. and 81°37' and 90°38' ... |
Tenney, William JewettWilliam Jewett TenneyAn author, editor, born at Newport, Rhode Island, 1814; died at Newark, New Jersey, 20 Sept., ... |
TentyrisTentyris(TENTYRA) Seat of a titular suffragan see of Ptolemais in Thebaid Secunda. The city was ... |
Tenure, EcclesiasticalEcclesiastical TenureI. In the feudal system an ecclesiastical fief followed all the laws laid down for temporal ... |
TeosTeosTitular see ; suffragan of Ephesus in Asia Minor. A city of Caria situated on a peninsula ... |
TepicTepicDIOCESE OF TEPIC (TEPICENSIS) A diocese of the Mexican Republic, suffragan of the ... |
TeplTeplA Premonstratensian abbey in the western part of Bohemia, included in the Archdiocese of Prague ... |
TeramoTeramoDiocese in southern Italy. In the past the city was injured by earthquakes. It is situated at ... |
TerceTerceThe origin of Terce, like that of Sext and None, to which it bears a close relationship, dates ... |
TerenuthisTerenuthisTitular see, suffragan of Antinoë in Thebais Prima. Le Quien (Oriens christ., II, 611) ... |
Teresa of Avila, SaintSt. Teresa of Jesus (Teresa of Avila)Teresa Sanchez Cepeda Davila y Ahumada Born at Avila, Old Castile, 28 March, 1515; died at ... |
Teresa of Lisieux, SaintSaint Therese of Lisieux(Sister Teresa of the Child Jesus) Carmelite of Lisieux, better known as the Little Flower of ... |
Teresian Martyrs of Compiègne, The Sixteen BlessedThe Martyrs of CompiegneGuillotined at the Place du Trône Renversé (now called Place de la Nation), Paris, 17 ... |
Terill, AnthonyAnthony Terill (Bonville)English theologian, b. at Canford, Dorsetshire, in 1623; d. at Liège, 11 Oct., 1676. His ... |
TermessusTermessusA titular see, suffragan of Perge in Pamphylia Secunda. This is one of the most ancient cities ... |
TermoliTermoli(THERMULARUM) Located on the Italian coast of the Adriatic, having a small harbour near the ... |
Ternan, SaintSt. TernanBishop of the Picts, flourished in the sixth century. Much obscurity attaches to his history, and ... |
Terracina, Sezze, and PipernoTerracina, Sezze, and Piperno(TERRACINENSIS, SETINENSIS ET PRIVERNENSIS) Located in the Province of Rome. The city of ... |
Terrasson, AndréAndre TerrasonA French preacher, born at Lyons in 1669; died at Paris, 25 April, 1723. He was the eldest son ... |
Terrestrial ParadiseThe Garden of Eden( paradeisos , Paradisus ). The name popularly given in Christian tradition to the ... |
Terrien, Jean-BaptisteJean-Baptiste TerrienDogmatic theologian, born at St-Laurent-des-Autels, Maine-et-Loire, 26 Aug., 1832; d. at ... |
TertiariesTertiaries(From the Latin tertiarius , the relative adjective of tertius , third ). Tertiaries, or ... |
TertullianTertullian(Q UINTUS S EPTIMIUS F LORENS T ERTULLIANUS ). Ecclesiastical writer in the second and ... |
TeruelTeruel(TUROLENSIS) A suffragan of Saragossa, comprises the civil province of the same name, ... |
Test-Oath, MissouriMissouri Test-OathIn January, 1865, there assembled in St. Louis, Missouri, a "Constitutional Convention" composed ... |
Testament, NewNew TestamentI. Name ; II. Description ; III. Origin ; IV. Transmission of the Text ; V. Contents, History, ... |
Testament, OldOld TestamentI. NAME The word "testament", Hebrew berîth , Greek diatheke , primarily signifies the ... |
Testem BenevolentiaeTestem BenevolentiaeAn Apostolic Letter of Leo XIII addressed to Cardinal Gibbons, 22 January, 1899. It opens by ... |
Tetzel, JohannJohann TetzelFirst public antagonist of Luther, b. at Pirna in Meissen, 1465; d. at Leipzig, 11 Aug., 1519. ... |
TeuchiraTeuchiraA titular see in Libyan Pentapolis. Teuchira ( Teucheira ) neuter plural, was a city on the ... |
Teutonic OrderTeutonic OrderA medieval military order modelled on the Hospitallers of St. John, which changed its residence ... |
TewdrigTewdrig(THEODORIC) A Welsh saint, son of King Ceithfalt of Morganwg or Southern Wales, flourished ... |
TexasTexasS TATE OF T EXAS . The name, Texas, is probably derived from Tejas, the name of a ... |
Textual CriticismBiblical CriticismThe object of textual criticism is to restore as nearly as possible the original text of a work ... |
ThænæThaenaeA titular see in Africa Byzacena. It is mentioned in numerous ancient geographical documents ... |
Thébaud, AugustusAugustus ThebaudJesuit educator and publicist, b. at Nantes, France, 20 Nov., 1807; d. at St. John's College, ... |
Thénard, Louis-Jacques, BaronBaron Louis-Jacques ThenardChemist, b. at Louptière, near Nogent-sur-Seine, Aube, France, on 4 May, 1777; d. at Paris, ... |
Théophane VénardBl. Theophane Venard(JEAN-THÉOPHANE V&Eaucte;NARD.) French missionary, born at St-Loup, Diocese of ... |
Thérèse of Lisieux, SaintSaint Therese of Lisieux(Sister Teresa of the Child Jesus) Carmelite of Lisieux, better known as the Little Flower of ... |
Thabor, MountMount ThaborThe name of Mount Thabor, , is rendered in the Septuagint as , and in Jeremias and Osee ... |
ThabracaThabracaA titular see of Numidia near the sea, between the Armua and the Tusca. Thabraca was the last ... |
Thacia MontanaThacia MontanaA titular see in Africa Proconsularis, suffragan of Carthage. An inscription discovered in the ... |
ThagasteThagaste(TAGASTE) Thagaste, a titular see in Numidia, was a rather important municipality. It is ... |
ThagoraThagora(Tagora) Titular see in Numidia, mentioned by the "Rabula Peutingeriana", which calls it ... |
Thais, SaintSaint Thais(THAISIS or THAISIA). A penitent in Egypt in the fourth century. In the Greek menology her ... |
Thalberg, SigismondSigismond ThalbergMusical composer and pianist, b. at Geneva, 1812; d. at Posilipo, Italy, 27 April, 1871. The ... |
Thalhofer, ValentinValentin ThalhoferGerman theologian, b. at Unterroth, near Ulm, 21 January, 1825; d. at the same place, 17 ... |
ThangmarThangmar(THANKMAR) Historian, b. about the middle of the tenth century; d. probably at Hildesheim ... |
Thanksgiving before and after MealsGrace Before MealsThe word grace , which, as applied to prayer over food, always in pre-Elizabethan English ... |
Thanksgiving DayThanksgiving DayA civil holiday observed annually in the United States of America on the last Thursday in ... |
ThapsusThapsusA titular see in Byzacene Africa. It was a Phoenician market on the coast of Byzacium in ... |
ThasosThasosA titular see in Macedonia, suffragan of Thessalonica. The island of Thasos was anciently ... |
ThaumaciThaumaciA titular see in Thessaly, suffragan of Larissa, commanding the defile of Coele at the ... |
Thayer, JohnJohn ThayerMissionary, convert, first native of New England ordained to the priesthood, b. Boston, ... |
TheatinesTheatines(CLERICS REGULAR) A religious order of men, founded by Gaetano dei Conti di Tiene, Paolo ... |
Theatre, TheThe TheatreConsidering the tone of what is preserved to us of the works of the Greek tragedians and even of ... |
ThebaidThebaidThe valley of the Nile, under Roman domination, was divided into four provinces: Lower and Upper ... |
ThebesThebes (Achaia Secunda)(THEBAE) A metropolitan titular see of Achaia Secunda. The city was founded by the ... |
ThebesThebes (Thebais Secunda)(THEBAE) Titular see of Thebais Secunda, suffragan of Ptolemais, and the seat of a Coptic ... |
Thecla, SaintSt. TheclaBenedictine Abbess of Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt; date of birth unknown; d. at Kitzingen about 790 ... |
Thecla, SaintsSts. TheclaI. Thecla of Iconium The reputed pupil of the Apostle Paul , who is the heroine of the ... |
TheftTheftTheft is the secret taking of another's property against the reasonable will of that other. ... |
Thegan (Degan) of TrevesTheganChronicler, d. about 850. Very little is known of his life; all that is certain is that he was ... |
Theiner, AugustinAugustin TheinerTheologian and historian, b. at Breslau, 11 April, 1804; d. at Civitavecchia, 8 Aug., 1874. He was ... |
ThelepteThelepteA titular see in Byzacene. From an inscription we learn that it was a colony. An important ... |
ThemiscyraThemiscyraA titular see, suffragan of Amasea in the Hellespont. There was a town of this name near the ... |
ThemisoniumThemisoniumA titular see in Phrygia Pacatiana, suffragan of Laodicea. Themisonium was a city of Phrygia, ... |
ThennesusThennesusA titular suffragan see of Pelusium in Augustamnica Prima. Cassian (Collat., XI, 1-3) gives a ... |
TheobaldTheobald(T EDBALD .) Archbishop of Canterbury ; d. 18 April, 1161. He was a Norman by descent and ... |
Theobald, SaintSaint TheobaldBorn at Provins in the Province of Champagne, France, in 1017; died at Salanigo in Italy 30 June, ... |
TheocracyTheocracyA form of civil government in which God himself is recognized as the head. The laws of the ... |
Theodard, SaintSaint TheodardArchbishop of Narbonne, b. at Montauban about 840; d. at the same place 1 May, 893. He seems to ... |
TheodicyTheodicyEtymologically considered theodicy ( théos díe ) signifies the justification of ... |
Theodore I, PopePope Theodore IPope from 642 to 649; the date of his birth is unknown. He was a Greek of Jerusalem and the ... |
Theodore II, PopePope Theodore IISon of Photius. His pontificate lasted only twenty days; neither the date of his birth nor of his ... |
Theodore of Amasea, SaintSt. Theodore of AmaseaSurnamed Tyro (Tiro), not because he was a young recruit, but because for a time he belonged to ... |
Theodore of GazaTheodore of GazaA fifteenth-century Greek Humanist and translator of Aristotle, b. at Thessalonica early in ... |
Theodore of Studium, SaintTheodore of StudiumA zealous champion of the veneration of images and the last geat representative of the unity ... |
Theodore, Archbishop of CanterburyTheodore, Archbishop of CanterburySeventh Archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Tarsus in Cilicia about 602; d. at Canterbury 19 ... |
Theodore, Bishop of MopsuestiaTheodore of MopsuestiaBishop of Mopsuestia in Cilicia and ecclesiastical writer; b. at Antioch about 350 (thus also ... |
TheodoretTheodoretBishop of Cyrus and theologian, born at Antioch in Syria about 393; died about 457. He says ... |
Theodoric (Thierry) of ChartresTheodoric (Thierry) of ChartresA Platonist philosopher of the twelfth century, b. in France at the beginning of the twelfth ... |
Theodoric the GreatTheodoric the GreatKing of the Ostrogoths, born A.D. 454 (?); died 26 August, 526. He was an illegitimate son of ... |
Theodorus and Theophanes, SaintsSts. Theodorus and Theophanes(Called Grapti , "written upon", graptoi ) Theodorus, b. about 775; d. about 842-43; ... |
Theodorus LectorTheodorus LectorA lector attached to the Church of St. Sophia of Constantinople in the early part of the sixth ... |
TheodosiopolisTheodosiopolisA titular metropolitan see of Thracia Prima. In the beginning the city was called Apros, or ... |
Theodosius FlorentiniTheodosius FlorentiniBorn at Münster, in the Grisons, Switzerland, 23 May, 1808; died at Heiden, in Appenzell, ... |
Theodosius ITheodosius IRoman Emperor (also known as Flavius Theodosius), born in Spain, about 346; died at Milan, 17 ... |
Theodotus of Ancyra, SaintSt. Theodotus of AncyraMartyr. On 18 May the Roman Martyrology says: "At Ancyra, in Galatia, the martyr Saint Theodotus ... |
TheodulfTheodulf(Theodulfus, Theodulfe), Bishop of Orléans, a writer skilled in poetic forms and a ... |
Theology of Christ (Christology)ChristologyChristology is that part of theology which deals with Our Lord Jesus Christ. In its full extent ... |
Theology, AsceticalAscetical TheologyAscetics, as a branch of theology, may be briefly defined as the scientific exposition of ... |
Theology, DogmaticDogmatic TheologyDogmatic theology is that part of theology which treats of the theoretical truths of faith ... |
Theology, History of DogmaticHistory of Dogmatic TheologyThe imposing edifice of Catholic theology has been reared not by individual nations and men, ... |
Theology, MoralMoral TheologyMoral theology is a branch of theology, the science of God and Divine things. The distinction ... |
Theology, MysticalMystical TheologyMystical theology is the science which treats of acts and experiences or states of the soul ... |
Theology, PastoralPastoral TheologyPastoral theology is the science of the care of souls. This article will give the definition of ... |
TheonasTheonasBishop of Alexandria from about 283 to 301 ( Eusebius, "Chronicle", Ann. Abr. 2299, St. Jerome's ... |
Theophanes KerameusTheophanes Kerameus( Kerameus , potter). Archbishop of Rossano in Calabria (1129-52), a celebrated homiletic ... |
Theophanes, SaintSt. TheophanesChronicler, born at Constantinople, about 758; died in Samothracia, probably 12 March, 817, on ... |
TheophilanthropistsTheophilanthropists("Friends of God and Man") A deistic sect formed in France during the latter part of the ... |
TheophilusTheophilusBishop of Antioch. Eusebius in his "Chronicle" places the name of Theophilus against that of ... |
TheophilusTheophilusPatriarch of Alexandria (385-412). Concerning the extraction and early life of Theophilus we ... |
TheosophyTheosophy( Theosophia = "wisdom concerning God ") Theosophy is a term used in general to designate ... |
Theotocopuli, DomenicoEl GrecoOne of the most remarkable Spanish artists, b. in Crete, between 1545 and 1550; d. at Toledo, 7 ... |
Thera (Santorin)TheraDIOCESE OF THERA (SANTORINO) Diocese in the Cyclades. About the year 2000 B.C., the ... |
Thermae BasilicaeThermae BasilicaeA titular see in Cappadocia Prima, suffragan of Caesarea. The Greek "Notitiae episcopatuum" ... |
ThermopylaeThermopylaeA titular see and suffragan of Athens in Achaia Prima. It is the name of a defile about 4 ... |
Thessalonians, Epistles to theEpistles to the ThessaloniansTwo of the canonical Epistles of St. Paul. This article will treat the Church of ... |
ThessalonicaThessalonica(SALONIKI) Titular metropolis in Macedonia. It was at first a village called Alia, situated ... |
ThevesteThevesteTitular see of Numidia. The city seems to have had some importance even prior to Christianity. ... |
ThibarisThibarisTitular see in Byzacena ( Africa ), not mentioned by any ancient author. The official list of ... |
Thibaut de ChampagneThibaut de ChampagneThibaut IV, count of Champagne and King of Navarre, a French poet, b. 1201, at Troyes ; d. 8 ... |
Thierry of FreburgThierry of Freiburg( Or Thierry of Saxony). A philosopher and physician of the Middle Ages, and a member of ... |
Thiers, Louis-AdolpheLouis-Adolphe ThiersFrench statesman and historian, first president of the Third French Republic, b. at Marseilles, ... |
ThignicaThignicaA titular see in Numidia. The Roman Curia's official list of titular sees places Thignica in ... |
Thijm, Joseph Albert AlberdingkJoseph Albert Alberdingk ThijmBorn at Amsterdam, 8 July, 1820; d. there, 17 March, 1889. After finishing his studies in his ... |
Thijm, Peter Paul Maria AlberdingkPeter Paul Maria Alberdingk ThijmBrother of Joseph Alberdingk Thijm , b. at Amsterdam, 21 Oct., 1827, d. at Louvain, 1 Feb., ... |
Thimelby, RichardRichard Thimelby( Alias ASHBY) Missionary priest, b. in Lincolnshire, England, 1614; d. at St. Omer's, ... |
Third OrdersThird OrdersI. GENERAL Third Orders signify in general lay members of religious orders, i.e. men and women ... |
Thirty Years WarThe Thirty Years WarThe Thirty Years War (1618-48), though pre-eminently a German war, was also of great importance ... |
ThmuisThmuisA titular see in Augustamnica Prima, suffragan of Pelusium ; a city of Lower Egypt, on the ... |
Thomas á JesuThomas a Jesu(Diaz Sanchez de Avila). Discalced Carmelite, writer on mystical theology, born at Baeza, ... |
Thomas à KempisThomas a KempisAuthor of the "Imitation of Christ" , born at Kempen in the Diocese of Cologne, in 1379 or 1380; ... |
Thomas Abel, BlessedBlessed Thomas Abel(Also ABLE, or ABELL.) Priest and martyr, born about 1497; died 30 July, 1540. He was ... |
Thomas Alfield, VenerableVen. Thomas Alfield(AUFIELD, ALPHILDE, HAWFIELD, OFFELDUS; alias BADGER). Priest, born at Gloucestershire; ... |
Thomas Aquinas, SaintSt. Thomas AquinasPhilosopher, theologian, doctor of the Church ( Angelicus Doctor ), patron of Catholic ... |
Thomas Atkinson, VenerableVen. Thomas AtkinsonMartyred at York, 11 March, l6l6. He was born in the East Riding of Yorkshire, was ordained ... |
Thomas Becket, SaintSt. Thomas BecketMartyr, Archbishop of Canterbury, born at London, 21 December, 1118 (?); died at Canterbury, 29 ... |
Thomas Belchiam, VenerableVenerable Thomas BelchiamA Franciscan martyr in the reign of Henry VIII, date of birth uncertain; d. 3 August 1537. He ... |
Thomas Christians, SaintSt. Thomas ChristiansAn ancient body of Christians on the east and west coasts of India, claiming spiritual descent ... |
Thomas Cottam, BlessedBl. Thomas CottamMartyr, born 1549, in Lancashire; executed at Tyburn, 30 May, 1582. His parents, Laurence cottam ... |
Thomas Ford, BlessedBl. Thomas FordBorn in Devonshire; died at Tyburn, 28 May, 1582. He incepted M.A. at Trinity College, Oxford, 14 ... |
Thomas Garnet, SaintSt. Thomas GarnetProtomartyr of St. Omer and therefore of Stonyhurst College; b. at Southwark, c. 1575; executed ... |
Thomas Johnson, BlessedBl. Thomas JohnsonCarthusian martyr, died in Newgate gaol, London, 20 September, 1537. On 18 May, 1537, the twenty ... |
Thomas More, SaintSt. Thomas MoreSaint, knight, Lord Chancellor of England, author and martyr, born in London, 7 February, ... |
Thomas of BeckingtonThomas of Beckington(BEKYNTON.) Bishop of Bath and Wells, born at Beckington, Somerset, about 1390; died at ... |
Thomas of BradwardineThomas of Bradwardine(BRAGWARDIN, BRANDNARDINUS, BREDWARDYN, BRADWARDYN, DE BREDEWARDINA). Born about 1290; died in ... |
Thomas of CantimpréThomas of CantimpreMedieval writer, preacher, and theologian, born of noble parentage at Leuw St. Pierre near ... |
Thomas of CelanoThomas of CelanoFriar Minor, poet, andhagiographical writer, born at Celano in the Province of the Abruzzi, about ... |
Thomas of DoverThomas of DoverMartyr ; died 2 or 5 August, 1295. On the above date the French ravaged Dover with fire and ... |
Thomas of HerefordSt. Thomas of Hereford(THOMAS DE CANTELUPE). Born at Hambledon, Buckinghamshire, England, about 1218; died at ... |
Thomas of JesusThomas of Jesus(THOMAS DE ANDRADA). Reformer and preacher, born at Lisbon, 1529; died at Sagena, Morocco, 17 ... |
Thomas of JorzThomas of Jorz(Often but erroneously called JOYCE and frequently referred to as ANGLUS or ANGLICUS). ... |
Thomas of StrasburgThomas of StrasburgA fourteenth-century scholastic of the Augustinian Order, born, according to some writers, at ... |
Thomas of Villanova, SaintSt. Thomas of VillanovaEducator, philanthropist, born at Fuentellana, Spain, 1488; died at Valencia, 8 September, 1555. ... |
Thomas Percy, BlessedBl. Thomas PercyEarl of Northumberland, martyr, born in 1528; died at York, 22 August, 1572. He was the eldest ... |
Thomas Sherwood, BlessedBl. Thomas SherwoodMartyr, born in London, 1551; died at Tyburn, London, 7 February, 1578. His parents also ... |
Thomas the Apostle, SaintSt. Thomas the ApostleLittle is recorded of St. Thomas the Apostle, nevertheless thanks to the fourth Gospel his ... |
Thomas Thwing, VenerableVen. Thomas ThwingMartyr. Born at Heworth Hall, near York, in 1635; suffered at York, 23 Oct., 1680. His father was ... |
Thomas Woodhouse, BlessedBl. Thomas WoodhouseMartyr who suffered at Tyburn 19 June, 1573, being disembowelled alive. Ordained in Mary's ... |
Thomas, Charles L.A.Charles L.A. ThomasFrench composer, born at Metz, 5 August, 1811; died at Paris, 12 February, 1896. He gained the ... |
Thomassin, LouisLouis ThomassinTheologian and French Oratorian, b. at Aix-en-Provence 28 Aug., 1619; d. in Paris, 24 Dec., ... |
ThomismThomismIn a broad sense, Thomism is the name given to the system which follows the teaching of St. ... |
Thompson River IndiansThompson River Indians(THOMPSON INDIANS). An important tribe of British Columbia of Salishan linguistic stock, also ... |
Thompson, Blessed JamesBl. James Thompson(Also known as James Hudson). Martyr, born in or near York; having nearly all his life in that ... |
Thompson, Edward Healy and Harriet DianaEdward and Harriet ThompsonThe name of two English converts : (1) Edward Healy and (2) Harriet Diana. Edward Healy ... |
Thompson, FrancisFrancis ThompsonPoet, b. at Preston, Lancashire, 18 Dec., 1859; d. in London, 13 Nov., 1907. He came from the ... |
Thompson, Right Honourable Sir John Sparrow DavidRight Honourable Sir John Sparrow David ThompsonJurist and first Catholic Premier of Canada, b. at Halifax, Nova Scotia , 10 Nov., 1844; d. ... |
Thonissen, Jean-JosephJean-Joseph ThonissenProfessor of law at the University of Louvain, minister in the Belgian Government, b. at ... |
Thorlaksson, ArniArni ThorlakssonAn Icelandic bishop, b. in Iceland, 1237; d. at Bergen, 1297. While a deacon, he visited ... |
Thorney AbbeyThorney Abbey(i.e. "the isle of thorns", anciently called ANCARIG). Thorney Abbey, in Cambridgeshire, ... |
Thorns, Crown ofCrown of ThornsAlthough Our Saviour's Crown of Thorns is mentioned by three Evangelists and is often alluded ... |
Thorns, Feast of the Crown ofFeast of the Crown of ThornsThe first feast in honour of the Crown of Thorns ( Festum susceptionis coronae Domini ) was ... |
Thorpe, Venerable RobertVenerable Robert ThorpePriest and martyr, b. in Yorkshire; suffered at York, 15 May, 1591. He reached the English ... |
Thou, Jacques-Auguste deJacques-Auguste de ThouFrench historian, b. at Paris, 8 October, 1553; d. there, 7 May, 1617. The son of Christophe de ... |
Thou, Nicolas deNicolas de ThouBishop of Chartres, uncle of the historian Jacques-Auguste de Thou, b. at Paris, 1528; d. at ... |
Three ChaptersThree ChaptersThe Three chapters ( trîa kephálaia ) were propositions anathematizing : (1) the ... |
Three RiversThree Rivers (Quebec)DIOCESE OF THREE RIVERS (TRIFLUVIANENSIS) Formed from the Archdiocese of Quebec , to which it ... |
ThroneThrone(Latin thronus, cathedra, sedes episcopalis ), the seat the bishop uses when not engaged at ... |
Thuburbo MinusThuburbo MinusA titular see in Africa Proconsularis, suffragan of Carthage. Thuburbo Minus is mentioned in ... |
ThuggaThuggaTitular see of Numidia, perhaps the Numidian fortress of Tocai mentioned about 305 B.C. by ... |
Thugut, Johann Amadeus Franz de PaulaJohann Amadeus Franz de Paula ThugutAustrian statesman, born at Linz, 31 March, 1736; died at Vienna, 28 May, 1818. He was the son of ... |
Thulis, Venerable JohnVen. John ThulisEnglish martyr, born at Up Holland, Lancashire, probably about 1568; suffered at Lancaster, 18 ... |
Thun-Hohenstein, Count LeoCount Leo Thun-HohensteinAustrian statesman, b. at the family castle of Tetschen in Bohemia, 7 April, 1811; d. at Vienna, ... |
Thundering LegionThundering Legion( Legio fulminata , or fulminea , not fulminatrix ). The story of the Thundering Legion ... |
ThuringiaThuringiaThe name Thuringia is given to a large part of Central Germany, bounded on the west by the ... |
Thurmayr, JohannesJohannes Thurmayr(Called AVENTINUS from the place of his birth) Born at Abensberg, Bavaria, 4 July, 1477; died ... |
ThyatiraThyatiraA titular suffragan see of Sardes in Lydia. According to Stephanus Byzantius, the name was ... |
ThyniasThyniasA titular see, suffragan of Nicomedia, in Bithynia Prima. It is an island situated in the Black ... |
Thyräus, HermannHermann ThryausGerman Jesuit, b. at Neuss on the Rhine, 1532; d. at Mainz, 26 October, 1591. He studied first ... |
TiaraTiaraThe papal crown, a costly covering for the head, ornamented with precious stones and pearls, ... |
Tibaldi, PellegrinoPellegrino TibaldiKnown also as Pellegrino da Bologna and as Pellegrino Pellegrini; decorator, mural painter, and ... |
TiberiasTiberiasTitular see, suffragan of Scythopolis, in Palaestina Secunda. The town of Tiberias was founded on ... |
Tiberias, Sea ofSea of GalileeSo called in John 21:1 (cf. 6:1 ), otherwise known as "the sea of Galilee" ( Matthew 4:18 ; Mark ... |
TiberiopolisTiberiopolisTitular see in Phrygia Pacatiana. Tiberiopolis is mentioned by Ptolemy (V, 2, 25); Socrates ... |
TiberiusTiberiusThe second Roman emperor ( A. D. 14-37), b. 16 November, 42 B. C. , d. 16 March, A. D. 37. ... |
TibetTibetA vast plateau, about 463,320 square miles, about 1240 miles in its greatest length from east to ... |
Tiburtius and Susanna, SaintsSts. Tiburtius and SusannaRoman martyrs, feast 11 August. The story is related in the legend of St. Sebastian that ... |
TiceliaTiceliaTitular see, suffragan of Cyrene, in the Libya Pentapolis. Under this name it is not found in any ... |
Tichborne, Ven. NicholasVen. Nicholas TichborneMartyr, b. at Hartley Mauditt, Hampshire; suffered at Tyburn, London, 24 Aug., 1601. He was a ... |
Tichborne, Ven. ThomasVen. Thomas TichborneBorn at Hartley, Hampshire, 1567; martyred at Tyburn, London, 20 April, 1602. He was educated ... |
TiconiusTiconius(Also TYCONIUS, TYCHONIUS, etc.) An African Donatist writer of the fourth century who ... |
Ticuna IndiansTicuna IndiansA tribe of Indians of some importance, constituting a distinct linguistic stock, inhabiting the ... |
Tieffentaller, JosephJoseph TieffentallerJesuit missionary and noted geographer in Hindustan, b. at Bozen in the Tyrol, 27 August, 1710; ... |
TiepoloTiepoloGiovanni Battista (Giambattista) Tiepolo Born in Venice in 1696; died at Madrid, 27 March, 1770. ... |
Tierney, Mark AloysiusMark Aloysius TierneyBorn at Brighton, Sept., 1795; died at Arundel, 19 Feb., 1862. After his early schooling with the ... |
Tigris, SaintSt. TigrisIrish saint, sister of St. Patrick. Much obscurity attaches to her life, and she has been ... |
Tillemont, Louis-Sébastien Le Nain deLouis-Sebastien Le Nain de TillemontFrench historian and priest, b. at Paris, 30 November, 1637; d. there, 10 January, 1698; he was ... |
Tilly, Johannes Tserclæs, Count ofCount of TillyBorn at Brabant in 1559; died at Ingolstadt in April, 1632. He was a member of a noble family of ... |
TimbriasTimbriasA titular see in Pisidia, suffragan of Antioch. It is called Thymbrium in the official lists ... |
TimeTimeThe problem of time is one of the most difficult and most keenly debated in the field of natural ... |
Timothy and Symphorian, SaintsSts. Timotheus and SymphorianMartyrs whose feast is observed on 22 August. During the pontificate of Melchiades (311-13), ... |
Timothy and Titus, Epistles toEpistles to Timothy and Titus(T HE P ASTORALS STS. TIMOTHY AND TITUS Saints Timothy and Titus were two of the most beloved ... |
Timucua IndiansTimucua IndiansA principal group or confederacy of Ancient Florida, notable for the successful missions ... |
Tincker, Mary AgnesMary Agnes TinckerNovelist, born at Ellsworth, Maine, 18 July, 1833; died at Boston, Massachusetts, 4 December, ... |
TingisTingisA titular see of Mauretania Tingitana (the official list of the Roman Curia places it in ... |
TininSee of Tinin (Dalmatia)SEE OF TININ (KNIN). Located in Dalmatia ; suffragan to Kalocsa-Bacs. Knin is a town on ... |
Tinos and MykonosTinos and MykonosDIOCESE OF TINOS AND MYKONOS (TINENSIS ET MYCONENSIS) A Latin diocese of the Cyclades, ... |
Tintern AbbeyTintern AbbeyThis abbey, in Monmouthshire, England [actually Wales -- Ed. ], was founded in 1131 by ... |
Tintoretto, IlIl Tintoretto(J ACOPO R OBUSTI ) Italian painter, b. at Venice, 1518; d. there 1594. His father was a ... |
TipasaTipasaA titular see of Numidia. The Phoenician word signifies passage. Early in its history we find ... |
Tiraboschi, GirolamoGirolamo TiraboschiItalian scholar, b. in the region of Bergamo, 1731; d. 3 June, 1794. At an early age he entered ... |
TiraspolTiraspolDIOCESE OF TIRASPOL (or CHERSONESE) (TIRASPOLENSIS; CHERSONENSIS) Diocese in Southern Russia ... |
Tisio da Garofalo, BenvenutoBenvenuto Tisio da GarofaloAn Italian painter of the Ferrarese school ; b. in 1481 at Garofalo, whence, as was the ... |
Tissot, JamesJames Tissot(JOSEPH-JACQUES TISSOT) French draughtsman and painter, b. at Nantes, 15 Oct., 1836; d. at ... |
TithesTithes(Anglo-Saxon teotha , a tenth). Generally defined as "the tenth part of the increase arising ... |
Tithes, LayLay TithesUnder this heading must be distinguished (1) secular tithes, which subjects on crown-estates were ... |
TitianTitian(T IZIANO V ECELLI , called T ITIAN ). The greatest of Venetian painters, born at Pieve ... |
TitopolisTitiopolis(TITIOPOLIS) Titular see, suffragan of Seleucia Trachaea in Isauria. Le Quien (Oriens ... |
TitulusTitulusIn pagan times titulus signified an inscription on stone, and later the stone which marked ... |
TitusTitusRoman Emperor 79-81, b. 30 Dec., 41; d. 13 Sept., 81; son of the Emperor Vespasian, and from the ... |
Titus and Timothy, Epistles toEpistles to Timothy and Titus(T HE P ASTORALS STS. TIMOTHY AND TITUS Saints Timothy and Titus were two of the most beloved ... |
Titus, Bishop of BostraTitus, Bishop of BostraBorn about 362-371. Sozomen (Hist. eccl., III, xiv) names Titus among the great men of the time ... |
TiusTius(TIUM) Titular see, suffragan of Claudiopolis in Honorias. According to Strabo (542, 545) the ... |
TivoliTivoliDIOCESE OF TIVOLI (TIBURTINA) Diocese in the Province of Rome. The city in situated where the ... |
TlaxcalaTlaxcala(TLAXCALENSIS) A former diocese of the colony of New Spain. It was the fifth diocese ... |
TlosTlosA titular see in Lycia, suffragan of Myra. Tlos was one of the six cities forming the Lycian ... |
Toaldo, GiuseppeGiuseppe ToaldoPriest and physicist, b. at Pianezze, 1719; d. at Padua, 1797. In his fourteenth year he entered ... |
Toba IndiansToba IndiansOne of the few still unconquered savage tribes of the great Chaco wilderness of South America, and ... |
TobiasBook of TobiasWe shall first enumerate the various Biblical persons and then treat the book of this name. I. ... |
Tocqueville, Charles-Alexis-Henri-Maurice-Clerel deAlexis de Tocqueville(CHARLES-ALEXIS-HENRI-MAURICE-CLEREL DE TOCQUEVILLE) Writer and statesman, b. at Verneuil, ... |
TodiTodi(T UDERTINA ). Diocese in Central Italy ; immediately dependent on the Holy See. The city ... |
TokioTokio (Tokyo)(Tokiensis) Archdiocese comprising 21 provinces or 15 departments with a population of over ... |
Toledo (Ohio)Toledo (Ohio)(Toletana in America) A diocese in Ohio, U.S.A. formed out of the Diocese of Cleveland and ... |
Toledo (Spain)Toledo (Spain)ARCHDIOCESE OF TOLEDO (TOLETANENSIS) Primatial see of Spain, whose archbishop, raised almost ... |
Toledo, FranciscoFrancisco ToledoPhilosopher, theologian, and exegete, son of an actuary, b. at Córdova, 4 Oct., 1532; d. ... |
Tolentino and MacerataMacerata and TolentinoLocated in the Marches, Central Italy. Macerata is a provincial capital, situated on a hill, ... |
Toleration, History ofHistory of TolerationIn any attempt to deal historically with the attitude of the Church towards religious toleration ... |
Toleration, ReligiousReligious TolerationToleration in general signifies patient forbearance in the presence of an evil which one is ... |
Tolomei, John BaptistJohn Baptist TolomeiA distinguished Jesuit theologian and cardinal, born of noble parentage, at Camberaia, between ... |
TombTombA memorial for the dead at the place of burial, customary, especially for distinguished persons, ... |
Tomb of the Blessed Virgin MaryTomb of the Blessed Virgin MaryThe tomb of the Blessed Virgin is venerated in the Valley of Cedron, near Jerusalem. Modern ... |
Tomb, AltarAltar TombA tomb, or monument, over a grave, oblong in form, which is covered with a slab or table, having ... |
TomiTomiA titular metropolitan see in the Province of Scythia, on the Black Sea. It was a Greek colony ... |
Tommasi, Blessed Giuseppe MariaBl. Giuseppe Maria TommasiA Cardinal, noted for his learning, humility, and zeal for reform; born at Licata, Sicily, of ... |
Tongerloo, Abbey ofAbbey of TongerlooLocated near Antwerp, Belgium, founded in 1128 in honour of the Blessed Virgin, by de ... |
Tongiorgi, SalvatorSalvator TongiorgiPhilosopher, born at Rome, Italy, 25 December, 1820; d. there, 12 November, 1865. At the age of ... |
Tongues, Gift ofGift of Tongues (Glossolalia)(Glossolaly, glossolalia ). A supernatural gift of the class gratiae gratis datae , ... |
Tonica IndiansTonica Indians(Or TUNICA). A small tribe constituting a distinct linguistic stock living, when first known ... |
Tonkawa IndiansTonkawa IndiansA tribal group or confederacy, of low culture status and constituting a distinct linguistic stock, ... |
TonsureTonsure( Latin tondere , "to shear") A sacred rite instituted by the Church by which a baptized ... |
Tootell, HughHugh TootellCommonly known as Charles Dodd. Historian, b. in 1671 or 1672, at Durton-in-Broughton, ... |
TorahTorahI. USE OF WORD Torah, (cf. Hiph. of ), signifies first "direction, instruction", as, for ... |
Torbido, FrancescoFrancesco TorbidoOften called IL MORO (The Moor). Veronese painter and engraver, b. at Verona about 1486; ... |
Toribio Alfonso Mogrovejo, SaintSt. Toribio Alfonso MogrovejoArchbishop of Lima ; b. at Mayorga, León, Spain, 1538; d. near Lima Peru, 23 March ... |
Tornielli, Girolamo FrancescoGirolamo Francesco TornielliItalian Jesuit, preacher and writer, b. at Cameri, 1 Febreuary, 1693, of a distinguished family ... |
ToroneToroneA titular see in Macedonia, suffragan of Thessalonica. Torone was a colony of Chalcideans from ... |
TorontoToronto(TORONTINA). Located in the Province of Ontario , Canada. When constituted a diocese, it ... |
Torquemada, Tomás deTomas de TorquemadaFirst Grand Inquisitor of Spain, born at Valladolid in 1420; died at Avila, 16 September, ... |
Torres Naharro, Bartolemé deBartolome de Torres NaharroSpanish poet and dramatist, b. at Torres, near Badajoz, towards the end of the fifteenth ... |
Torres, FranciscoFrancisco Torres(TURRIANUS.) Hellenist and polemicist, born in Herrera, Palencia, about 1509; died at Rome, ... |
Torricelli, EvangelistaEvangelista TorricelliItalian mathematician and physicist, born at Faenza, 15 October, 1608; died at Florence, 25 ... |
Torrubia, JoséJose TorrubiaBorn towards the end of the seventeenth century at Granada, Spain ; died in 1768 in the ... |
TortonaTortonaDIOCESE OF TORTONA (DERTONENSIS) Diocese in Piedmont, Italy. The city is situated on the ... |
TortosaTortosaDIOCESE OF TORTOSA (DERTHUSENSIS, DERTUSA). Located in Spain, suffragan of Tarragona ; ... |
Toscanella and ViterboViterbo and Toscanella(VITERBIENSIS ET TUSCANENSIS). The city of Viterbo in the Province of Rome stands at the foot ... |
Toscanelli, Paolo dal PozzoPaolo Dal Pozzo ToscanelliMathematician, astronomer, and cosmographer, b. at Florence in 1397; d. there, 10 May, 1482. ... |
TosephtaTosephta( Hebrew = addition, supplement ) Tosephta is the name of compilation of ... |
Tostado, AlonsoAlonso Tostado(ALONSO TOSTATUS) Exegete, b. at Madrigal, Castile, about 1400; d. at Bonilla de la Sierra, ... |
Tosti, LuigiLuigi TostiBenedictine historian, b. at Naples 13 Feb., 1811; d. at Monte Cassino, 24 Sept., 1897. His ... |
TotemismTotemismTotemism from ote , root ot , possessive form otem , in the Ojibway dialect of the ... |
Totonac IndiansTotonac IndiansOne of the smaller cultured nations of ancient Mexico, occupying at the time of the Spanish ... |
Touchet, George AnselmGeorge Anselm TouchetBorn at Stalbridge, Dorset; died about 1689. He was second son of Mervyn, twelfth Lord Audley, ... |
ToulouseToulouseA RCHDIOCESE OF T OULOUSE (T OLOSENSIS ) Includes the Department of Haute-Garonne. As ... |
Tournély, HonoréHonore TournelyTheologian, b. Antibes, Provence, 28 August, 1658; d. at Paris, 26 December 1729. His parents ... |
TournaiTournaiDIOCESE OF TOURNAI (Latin TURNACUM, TORNACUM; Flemish, DOORNIJK — TORNACENSIS) Diocese ... |
Tournefort, Joseph Pitton deJoseph Pitton de TournefortFrench botanist, b. at Aix in Provence, 5 June, 1656; d. at Paris, 28 Dec., 1708. After his ... |
Tournon, Charles-Thomas Maillard deCharles-Thomas Maillard de TournonPapal legate to India and China, cardinal, born of a noble Savoyard family at Turin, 21 ... |
Touron, AntoineAntoine TouronDominican biographer and historian, born at Graulhet, Tarn, France, on 5 September, 1686; died ... |
ToursTours(TURONENSIS.) Comprises the Department of Indre-et-Loire, and was re-established by the ... |
Toustain, Charles-FrançoisCharles-Francois ToustainFrench Benedictine, and member of the Congregation of St-Maur, born at Repas in the Diocese of ... |
Touttée, Antoine-AugustinAntoine-Augustin ToutteeA French Benedictine of the Maurist Congregation, b. at Riom, Department of Puy-de-Dôme, ... |
Tower of BabelTower of BabelThe "Tower of Babel" is the name of the building mentioned in Genesis 11:19 . History of the ... |
Tracy, Alexandre de Prouville, Marquis deAlexandre de Prouville, Marquis de TracyViceroy of New France, born in France, 1603, of noble parents ; died there in 1670. A soldier ... |
Tradition and Living MagisteriumTradition and Living MagisteriumThe word tradition (Greek paradosis ) in the ecclesiastical sense, which is the only one in ... |
TraditionalismTraditionalismA philosophical system which makes tradition the supreme criterion and rule of certitude. ... |
TraducianismTraducianismTraducianism ( tradux , a shoot or sprout, and more specifically a vine branch made to take root ... |
TrajanTrajanEmperor of Rome (A.D. 98-117), b. at Italica Spain, 18 September, 53; d. 7 August, 117. He ... |
TrajanopolisTrajanopolisTitular metropolitan see of Rhodope. The city owes its foundation or restoration to Trajan. Le ... |
TrajanopolisTrajanopolisA titular see of Phrygia Pacatiana, suffragan of Laodicea. The only geographer who speaks ... |
TrallesTrallesA titular see, suffragan of Ephesus in Asia Minor. It was founded, it is said, by the Argians ... |
Trani and BarlettaTrani and Barletta(T RANEN , et Barolen.) Diocese in Italy. The city of Trani is situated on the Adriatic in ... |
TranscendentalismTranscendentalismThe terms transcendent and transcendental are used in various senses, all of which, as a ... |
TranseptTranseptA rectangular space inserted between the apse and nave in the early Christian basilica. It ... |
TransfigurationTransfigurationThe Transfiguration of Christ is the culminating point of His public life, as His Baptism is ... |
Transfiguration of Christ, Feast of theFeast of the Transfiguration of ChristObserved on August 6 to commemorate the manifestation of the Divine glory recorded by St. ... |
TransubstantiationThe Real Presence of Christ in the EucharistIn this article we shall consider: the fact of the Real Presence , which is, indeed, the central ... |
TransvaalTransvaalVicariate apostolic ; lies between 23° 3' and 27° 30' S. lat., and 25° and 32° ... |
TransylvaniaTransylvania(Also TRANSYLVANIENSIS or ERDELY). Diocese in Hungary, suffragan of Kalocsa Bács. The ... |
TrapaniTrapani(TREPANENSIS). Diocese in Sicily, suffragan of Palermo. The city is the capital of a ... |
TrapezopolisTrapezopolisA titular see in Phrygia Pacatiana, suffragan to Laodicea. Trapezopolis was a town of Caria ... |
TrappistsTrappistsThe common name by which the Cistercians who follow the reform inaugurated by the Abbot de ... |
Trasilla and Emiliana, SaintsSts. Trasilla and EmilianaAunts of St. Gregory the Great, virgins in the sixth century, given in the Roman Martyrology, ... |
Treason, Accusations ofAccusations of TreasonA common misrepresentation concerning the Elizabethan persecution of English and Irish Catholics ... |
TrebizondTrebizond(TRAPEZUNTINA). An Armenian Catholic diocese. The city owes its ancient name to the fact that ... |
TrebnitzTrebnitzA former abbey of Cistercian nuns, situated north of Breslau in Silesia. It was founded in ... |
Tredway, Lettice MaryLettice Mary Tredway(Called "Lady" Tredway) Born 1595; died Oct., 1677; daughter of Sir Walter Tredway, of Buckley ... |
Tregian, FrancisFrancis TregianConfessor, b. in Cornwall, 1548; d. at Lisbon, 25 Sept., 1608. He was son of Thomas Tregian of ... |
TremithusTremithusTitular see, suffragan of Salamis in Cyprus. The city is mentioned by Ptolemy (Geog., V, xiii, ... |
TrentTrent(TRIDENTUM; TRIDENTINA). Diocese ; suffragan of Salzburg. Trent became universally known ... |
Trent, Council ofCouncil of TrentThe nineteenth ecumenical council opened at Trent on 13 December, 1545, and closed there on 4 ... |
TrentonTrenton(T RENTONENSIS ). Diocese created 15 July, 1881, suffragan of New York, comprises Atlantic, ... |
Tresham, Sir ThomasSir Thomas TreshamKnight Bachelor (in or before 1524), Grand Prior of England in the Order of Knights ... |
TrevisoTreviso(TARVISINA). Diocese in Venetia (Northern Italy ). The capital is surrounded by the River ... |
Tribe, JewishJewish Tribe( Phyle, tribus .) The earlier Hebrew term rendered in our English versions by the word ... |
Tricarico, Diocese ofTricarico(TRICARICENSIS.) Located in the Province of Potenza in the Basilicata (Southern Italy ), near ... |
Tricassin, Charles JosephCharles Joseph TricassinOne of the greatest theologians of the Capuchin Order, b. at Troyes ; d. in 1681. There is but ... |
TriccaTriccaTitular see, suffragan of Larissa in Thessaly. It was an ancient city of Thessaly, near the River ... |
Trichinopoly, Diocese ofTrichinopoly(TRICHINOPOLITAN.) Located in India, suffragan of Bombay, comprises the south east portion of ... |
TrichurTrichur(TRICHURENSIS.) Vicariate Apostolic in India, one of the three vicariates of the Syro-Malabar ... |
TricomiaTricomiaTitular see, suffragan of Caesarea in Palaestina Prima. It is mentioned in George of Cyprus ... |
TriduumTriduum(Three days). A time frequently chosen for prayer or for other devout practices, whether ... |
TrierTrier(TREVIRENSIS) Diocese ; suffragan of Cologne; includes in the Prussian province of the ... |
Triesnecker, Francis a PaulaFrancis a Paula TriesneckerAstronomer, b. at Kirchberg on the Wagram, in Lower Austria, 2 April, 1745; d. at Vienna 29 ... |
Triest-Capo d'IstriaTriest-Capo d'Istria(TERGESTINA ET JUSTINOPOLITANA.) Suffragan diocese of Görz-Gradiska ; exists as a ... |
TrincomaleeTrincomalee(TRINCOMALIENSIS.) Located in Ceylon, suffragan of Colombo, was created in 1893 by a division ... |
Trinità di Cava dei Tirrenti, Abbey ofAbbey of Trinita di Cava Dei TirreniLocated in the Province of Salerno. It stands in a gorge of the Finestre Hills near Cava dei ... |
Trinitarians, Order ofOrder of TrinitariansThe redemption of captives has always been regarded in the Church as a work of mercy, as is ... |
Trinity CollegeTrinity CollegeAn institution for the higher education of Catholic women, located at Washington, D.C., and ... |
Trinity SundayTrinity SundayThe first Sunday after Pentecost, instituted to honour the Most Holy Trinity. In the early ... |
Trinity, The BlessedThe Blessed TrinityThis article is divided as follows: I. Dogma of the Trinity; II. Proof of the Doctrine from ... |
Triple-CandlestickTriple-CandlestickA name given along with several others (e.g. reed, tricereo, arundo, triangulum, lumen Christi ... |
Trissino, GiangiorgioGiangiorgio TrissinoItalian poet and scholar, b. of a patrician family at Vicenza in 1478; d. at Rome, 8 ... |
TritheistsTritheists(TRITHEITES). Heretics who divide the Substance of the Blessed Trinity. (1) Those who are ... |
Trithemius, JohnJohn TrithemiusA famous scholar and Benedictine abbot, b. at Trittenheim on the Moselle, 1 February, 1462; d. at ... |
TriventoTrivento(Triventensis) Diocese in southern Italy. The earliest bishop was St. Castus of an uncertain ... |
Trivet, NicholasNicholas Trivet(Or "Trevet" as he himself wrote it) B. about 1258; d. 1328. He was the son of Thomas Trevet, a ... |
TroasTroasA suffragan of Cyzicus in the Hellespont. The city was first called Sigia; it was enlarged and ... |
TrocmadesTrocmades(Trocmada) Titular see of Galatia Secunda, suffragan of Pessinus. No geographer or historian ... |
Trokelowe, John deJohn de Trokelowe(THROWLOW, or THORLOW) A monastic chronicler still living in 1330, but the dates of whose birth ... |
Trondhjem, Ancient See ofAncient See of Trondhjem(NIDAROS). In Norway it was the kings who introduced Christianity, which first became ... |
TropeTropeDefinition and Description Trope, in the liturgico-hymnological sense, is a collective name ... |
Tropology, ScripturalScriptural TropologyThe theory and practice of interpreting the figurative meaning of Holy Writ. The literal meaning, ... |
Troy, John ThomasJohn Thomas TroyArchbishop of Dublin ; b. in the parish of Blanchardstown, near Dublin, 10 May, 1739; d. at ... |
TroyesTroyes(TRECENSIS). Diocese comprising the Department of Aube. Re-established in 1802 as a suffragan ... |
Truce of GodTruce of GodThe Truce of God is a temporary suspension of hostilities, as distinct from the Peace of God ... |
Truchsess von Waldburg, OttoOtto Truchsess von WaldburgCardinal-Bishop of Augsburg (1543-73), b. at Castle Scheer in Swabia, 26 Feb., 1514; d. at ... |
Trudo, SaintSt. Trudo(TRON, TROND, TRUDON, TRUTJEN, TRUYEN). Apostle of Hasbein in Brabant; d. 698 (693). Feast 23 ... |
Trudpert, SaintSt. TrudpertMissionary in Germany in the seventh century. He is generally called a Celtic monk from ... |
True Cross, TheThe True Cross(AND REPRESENTATIONS OF IT AS OBJECTS OF DEVOTION). (1) Growth Of the Christian Cult ; (2) ... |
Trueba, Antonio deAntonio de TruebaSpanish poet and folklorist, b. at Montellana, Biscay, in 1821; d. at Bilbao, 10 March, 1889. In ... |
TrujilloTrujilloDiocese comprising the Departments of Lambayeque, Libertad, Pinra, and the Province of Tumbes, ... |
Trullo, Council inCouncil in TrulloThis particular council of Constantinople, held in 692 under Justinian II, is generally known as ... |
Trumpets, Feast ofFeast of TrumpetsThe first day of Tishri (October), the seventh month of the Hebrew year. Two trumpets are ... |
Trumwin, SaintSaint Trumwin(TRIUMWINI, TRUMUINI). Died at Whitby, Yorkshire, England, after 686. He was consecrated by ... |
Trustee SystemTrustee SystemI In the exercise of her inherent right of administering property, the Church often appoints ... |
Trusts and BequestsTrusts and BequestsA trust has been defined, in its technical sense, as the right enforceable solely in equity to ... |
TruthTruthTruth (Anglo-Saxon tréow, tryw, truth, preservation of a compact, from a Teutonic base ... |
Truth Societies, CatholicCatholic Truth SocietiesThis article will treat of Catholic Truth Societies in the chronological order of their ... |
Tryphon, Respicius, and NymphaTryphon, Respicius, and NymphaMartyrs whose feast is observed in the Latin Church on 10 November. Tryphon is said to have ... |
Tschiderer zu Gleifheim, Johann Nepomuk vonTschiderer Zu GleifheimBishop of Trent, b. at Bozen, 15 Feb., 1777; d. at Trent, 3 Dec., 1860. He sprang from a family ... |
Tschupick, John NepomukJohn Nepomuk TschupickA celebrated preacher, b. at Vienna, 7 or 12 April, 1729; d. there, 20 July, 1784. He entered the ... |
TuamTuam(TUAMENSIS). The Archdiocese of Tuam, the metropolitan see of Connacht, extends, roughly ... |
Tuam, School ofSchool of Tuam(Irish, Tuaim da Ghualann , or the "Mound of the two Shoulders"). The School of Tuam was ... |
TubunaeTubunaeA titular see in Mauretania Caesariensis, according to the "Gerachia cattolica", or in Numidia ... |
TucsonTucson(T UCSONENSIS ). Suffragan of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe. It comprises the State of ... |
TucumánTucuman(T UCUMANENSIS ). Suffragan to Buenos Aires, erected from the Diocese of Salta on 15 ... |
TudelaTudela(TUTELÆ, TUTELENSIS). Diocese in Spain. The episcopal city has a population of 9213. ... |
TuguegaraoTuguegarao(TUGUEGARAONENSIS). Diocese in the Philippines ; situated in the north-eastern section of ... |
TulancingoTulancingo(D E T ULANCINGO ). Diocese in the Mexican Republic, suffragan of Mexico. Its area is ... |
Tulasne, Louis-RenéLouis-Rene TulasneA noted botanist, b. at Azay-le-Rideau, Dept of Indre-et-Loire, France, 12 Sept., 1815; d. at ... |
TulleTulle(TUTELENSIS). Diocese comprising the Department of Corrèze. It was suppressed by the ... |
TunicTunicBy tunic is understood in general a vestment shaped like a sack, which has in the closed upper ... |
TunisTunisFrench protectorate on the northern coast of Africa. About the twelfth century before Christ ... |
TunjaTunja(T UNQUENENSIS ). Diocese established in 1880 as a suffragan of Bogotá, in the ... |
TunkersTunkers( German tunken , to dip) A Protestant sect thus named from its distinctive baptismal rite. ... |
Tunstall, CuthbertCuthbert TunstallBishop of London, later of Durham, b. at Hackforth, Yorkshire, in 1474; d. at Lambeth Palace, ... |
Tunstall, Venerable ThomasVen. Thomas TunstallMartyred at Norwich, 13 July, 1616. He was descended from the Tunstalls of Thurland, an ancient ... |
Tunsted, SimonSimon TunstedEnglish Minorite, b. at Norwich, year unknown; d. at Bruisyard, Suffolk, 1369. Having joined the ... |
Turgot, Anne-Robert-JacquesAnne-Robert-Jacques TurgotBaron de L' Aulne, French minister, born at Parish, 10 May, 1727; died there, 20 March, 1781. ... |
TurinTurin(Turino; Taurinensis) The City of Turin is the chief town of a civil province in Piedmont and ... |
Turin, Shroud ofThe Shroud of TurinThis name is primarily given to a relic now preserved at Turin, for which the claim is made that ... |
Turin, University ofThe University of TurinThe University of Turin was founded in 1404, when the lectures at Piacenza and Pavia were ... |
TurkestanTurkestanI. CHINESE TURKESTAN When Jenghiz Khan died (1227) his second son, Djagatai, had the greater part ... |
Turkish EmpireTurkish EmpireCreated in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries on the ruins of the Byzantine Empire, from the ... |
Turnebus, AdrianAdrian TurnebusPhilologist, b. at Andely in Normandy in 1512; d. in Paris, 12 June, 1565. The accounts of the ... |
TurpinTurpinArchbishop of Reims, date of birth uncertain; d. 2 Sept., 800. He was a monk of St. Denis ... |
TuscanyTuscanyTuscany, a division of central Italy, includes the provinces of Arezzo, Florence, Grosseto, ... |
TuyTuy(Tudensis.) Suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Santiago, comprises the civil provinces ... |
Twenge, Saint JohnSt. John TwengeLast English saint canonized, canon regular, Prior of St. Mary's, Bridlington, b. near the ... |
Twiketal of CroylandTwiketal of Croyland(THURCYTEL, TURKETUL). Died July, 975. He was a cleric of royal descent, who is said to have ... |
TyanaTyanaA titular metropolitan see of Cappadocia Prima. The city must first have been called Thoana, ... |
TychicusSt. TychicusA disciple of St. Paul and his constant companion. He was a native of the Roman province of ... |
Tynemouth PrioryTynemouth PrioryTynemouth Priory, on the east coast of Northumberland, England, occupied the site of an earlier ... |
Types in ScriptureTypes in ScriptureTypes, though denoted by the Greek word typoi , are not coextensive with the meaning of this ... |
TyrannicideTyrannicideTyrannicide literally is the killing of a tyrant, and usually is taken to mean the killing of a ... |
TyreTyre(TYRUS.) Melchite archdiocese and Maronite diocese. The city is called in Hebrew, Zor , ... |
Tyrie, JamesJames TyrieTheologian, b. at Drumkilbo, Perthshire, Scotland, 1543; d. at Rome, 27 May, 1597. Educated ... |
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