
Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem
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(Also known as K NIGHTS OF M ALTA ).
The most important of all the military orders, both for the extent of its area and for its duration. It is said to have existed before the Crusades and is not extinct at the present time. During this long career it has not always borne the same name. Known as Hospitallers of Jerusalem until 1309, the members were called Knights of Rhodes from 1309 till 1522, and have been called Knights of Malta since 1530.
The origins of the order have given rise to learned discussions, to fictitious legends and hazardous conjectures. The unquestionable founder was one Gerald or Gerard, whose birthplace and family name it has been vainly sought to ascertain. On the other hand, his title as founder is attested by a contemporary official document, the Bull of Paschal II, dated 1113, addressed to "Geraudo institutori ac praeposito Hirosolimitani Xenodochii". This was certainly not the first establishment of the kind at Jerusalem. even before the crusades, hostelries were indispensable to shelter the pilgrims who flocked to the Holy Places, and in the beginning the hospitia or xenodochia were nothing more. They belonged to different nations; a Frankish hospice is spoken of in the time of Charlemagne ; the Hungarian hospice is said to date from King St. Stephen (year 1000). But the most famous was an Italian hospice about the year 1050 by the merchants of Amalfi, who at that time had commercial relations with the Holy Land. Attempts have been made to trace the origin of the Hospitallers of St. John to this foundation, but it is obvious to remark that the Hospitallers had St. John the Baptist for their patron, while the Italian hospice was dedicated to St. John of Alexandria. Moreover, the former adopted the Rule of St. Augustine , while the latter followed that of the Benedictines. Like most similar houses at that time, the hospice of Amalfi was in fact merely a dependency of a monastery, while Gerard's was autonomous from the beginning. Before the Crusades, the Italian hospital languished, sustained solely by alms gathered in Italy ; but Gerard profited by the presence of the crusaders, and by the gratitude felt for his hospitality, to acquire territory and revenues not only in the new Kingdom of Jerusalem , but in Europe -- in Sicily, Italy, and Provence. In the acts of donation which remain to us, there is no mention of the sick, but only of the poor and strangers. In this respect the hospice of Gerard did not differ from other, and his epitaph defines his work:
Undique collegit pasceret unde sous.
Thanks to the resources accumulated by Gerard, his successor, Raymond of Provence (1120-60), caused the erection of more spacious buildings near the church of the Holy Sepulchre, and henceforth the hospice became an infirmary served by a community of hospitallers in the modern sense of the word.
Strictly speaking, therefore, the Hospitallers of Jerusalem only began with Raymond of Provence, to whom they owe their rule. This rule deals only with their conduct as religious and infirmarians, there being no mention of knights. It especially sets forth that the hospital shall permanently maintain at its expense five physicians and three surgeons. The brothers were to fulfil the duties of infirmarians. A pilgrim, about the year 1150, places the number of sick persons cared for at 2000, a figure evidently exaggerated, unless we make it include all the persons harboured in a whole year. Raymond continued to receive donations, and this permitted him to complete his foundation by a second innovation. To accompany and defend at need, the arriving and departing pilgrims, he defrayed the cost of an armed escort, which in time became a veritable army, comprising knights recruited from among the crusaders of Europe, and serving as a heavy cavalry (see C HIVALRY ), and Turcopoles recruited from among the natives of mixed blood, and serving as light cavalry armed in the Turkish fashion. With this innovation originated the most ancient military dignities in the order: the marshal, to command the knights, the turcopolier, for the Turcopoles. Later the grand masters themselves went into battle. Gosbert (c. 1177), the fifth successor of Raymond, distinguished himself, and Roger de Moulins perished gloriously on the field of battle (1187). Thus the Order of St. John imperceptibly became military without losing its eleemosynary character. The statutes of Roger de Moulins (1187) deal only with the service of the sick; the first mention of military service is in the statutes of the ninth grand master, Alfonso of Portugal (about 1200). In the latter a marked distinction is made between secular knights, externs to the order, who served only for a time, and the professed knights, attached to the order by a perpetual vow, and who alone enjoyed the same spiritual privileges as the other religious. Henceforth the order numbered two distinct classes of members: the military brothers and the brothers infirmarians. The brothers chaplains, to whom was entrusted the divine service, formed a third class.
While the Order of St. John became a mixed order, that of the Templars was purely military form the beginning, and on this point it can claim priority, despite the contrary assertions of the Hospitallers. The Templars followed a different monastic rule and wore a different habit -- the white habit of the Cistercians, whose rule they followed, with a red cross, while the Hospitallers had the black mantle with a white cross. In war the knightly brothers wore above their armour a red surcoat with the white cross. Mutually emulous from the outset, they soon became rivals, and this rivalry had much to do with the rapid decline of the Kingdom of Jerusalem . In other respects the two orders held the same rank in Church and State, both being recognized as regular orders and endowed by the papacy with most extensive privileges, absolute independence of all spiritual and temporal authority save that of Rome, exemptions from tithes, with the right to have their own chapels, clergy and cemeteries. Both were charged with the military defense of the Holy Land, and the most redoubtable strongholds of the country, the splendid ruins of which still exist, were occupied by on or the other (Rey, "Monument de l'architecture militaire des Croisés", Paris, 1865). On the battlefield they shared between them the most perilous posts, alternately holding the van and rear guard. The history of the Hospitallers of Jerusalem is involved in that of the Latin Kingdom of the same name, with which the order was associated in prosperity and adversity. When the kingdom was at the height of its glory, the Hospitallers possessed no fewer than seven strongholds, some situated on the coast, others in the mountains; of these Margat and Krals, in the territory of Tripoli, are the most famous. They enjoyed the revenues of more than one hundred and forty estates ( casalia ) in the Holy Land. As to their European possessions, a writer of the thirteenth century credits them with about nineteen thousand manses or manors. It was necessary to organize a financial administration in order to assure the regular payment of revenues of these widely scattered possessions. This was the task of Hugh of Ravel, seventeen Grand Master of the Holy Land (c. 1270). The lands attached to a single house were placed under the command of a knight of the order, who formerly was called a preceptor, but afterwards took the title of commander. This official was charged with collecting the revenues, one portion of which was devoted to the support of his community, formed of a chaplain and some brothers the other portion being destined for the houses of the Holy Land. This latter portion consisted of an annual and invariable impost called "Responsions".
Thanks to these resources, drawn from Europe, the order was able to survive the fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, which involved the loss of all its possessions in Asia. After the capture of Jerusalem by Saladin (1187), the Hospitallers retained only their possessions in the Principality of Tripoli, and these they lost a century later by the fall of Acre (1291). They were obliged to seek refuge, under their grand master, Jean de Villiers, in the Kingdom of Cyprus, where they already has some possessions. King Amaury assigned them as a place of residence the town of Limassol on the coast. Having become islanders, the Hospitallers were obliged to modify their manner of warfare. They equipped fleets to fight the Muslims on the sea and to protect the pilgrims, who had not ceased to visit the Holy Places. But it was chiefly the conquest of the island of Rhodes, under the Grand Master Foulques de Villaret, that brought about a complete transformation of the order.
The Knights of Rhodes (1309-1522)
The Knights of Rhodes, the successors of the Hospitallers of St. John, were distinguished from the latter in many ways. In the first place, the grand master of the order was thenceforward a temporal sovereign in that island, which constituted a true ecclesiastical principality, under the nominal suzerainty of the Emperors of the East. Secondly, although Villaret's first care was to build a new infirmary, the care of the sick took a secondary place, as the members of the order had scarcely occasion to devote themselves to any save the members of the community. The name knights then prevailed over that of hospitallers. This character was accentuated by the fusion of the Hospitallers with the remaining Knights Templar. subsequent to the suppression of the latter (1312). This fusion at the same time increased the wealth of the order, to which the pope assigned the property of the Templars in every country except Aragon and Portugal. In France, where Philip the Fair had sequestrated this property, the order obtained restitution only by paying large indemnities to the king. From this time its organization took its definitive form, the whole body being divided into tongues, priories, and commanderies. The tongues, or nations, were eight in number, each having its own bailiff; and one of the eight supreme dignities was reserved to each tongue -- to Provence, that of the grand commander; to Auvergne, that of marshal; to France, grand hospitaller; to Italy, admiral; to Aragon, standard-bearer; to Castile, grand chancellor; to Germany, grand bailiff; to England, turcoplier. (On these dignities see M ILITARY O RDERS .) The grand master might be elected from any of the various tongues; he exercised supreme authority, but under control of the grand chapter and with the aid of several councils. Each tongue was subdivided into priories, and the head of each priory had the right to receive new knights and to visit the commanderies. The priories number twenty-four, and the commanderies, which were subdivisions of the priories, 656. All these posts were held according to seniority, the commanderies after three campaigns, which were known as "caravans".
A most important change in the character of the order was the transformation of the knights into corsairs. The piracy practiced by the Muslims was the scourge of the Mediterranean and especially of Christian commerce. The Knights of Rhodes, on their side, armed cruisers not only to give chase to the pirates, but to make reprisals on the Turkish merchantmen. With increasing audacity they made descents on the coast and pillaged the richest ports of the Orient, such as Smyrna (1341) and Alexandria (1365). However, a new Muslim power arose at this period -- the Ottoman Turks of Iconium -- and took the offensive against Christianity. After the fall of Constantinople, Mahomet II directed his attention to the task of destroying this den of pirates which made Rhodes the terror of the Muslim world. Henceforth the order, thrown on the defensive, lived perpetually on the alert. Once, under its grand master, Pierre d'Aubusson, it repulsed all the forces of Mahomet II in the siege of 1480. In 1522 Solyman II returned to the attack with a fleet of 400 ships and an army of 140,000 men. The knights sustained this great onslaught with their habitual bravery for a period of six months under their grand master, Villiers de l'Isle Adam, and capitulated only when their supplies were completely exhausted. Their lives were spared, and they were permitted to withdraw. Solyman II, in homage to their heroism, lent them his ships to return to Europe. They dispersed to their commanderies and begged Charles V to grant them the island of Malta, which was a dependency of his kingdom of Sicily, and this sovereignty was granted them in 1530, under the suzerainty of the kings of Spain.
The Knights of Malta (1530-1798)
The Knights of Malta at once resumed the manner of life they had already practiced for two centuries at Rhodes. With a fleet which did not number more than seven galleys they resisted the Barbary pirates who infested the western basin of the Mediterranean. They formed a valuable contingent during the great expeditions of Charles V against Tunis and Algiers and at the memorable victory of Lepanto. The Knights of Malta were also permitted to equip galley at their own expense to give chase to the Turkish galleys. These enterprises did not fail to draw upon them fresh attacks from the Ottomans. Solyman II, regretting his generosity, gathered a second time all forces of his empire to dislodge the Christian corsairs from their retreat. The siege of Malta, quite as famous as that of Rhodes, lasted for four months (1565). The Turks has already taken possession of a part of the island, destroying nearly the whole of the old city, slaying half the knights and almost 8000 soldiers, when Malta was delivered by an army of relief from Spain. In retreating the Turks are said to have left 30,000 slain. A new city had to be built -- the present city of Valette, so named in memory of its valiant grand master who had sustained this siege. Malta, however, was not rid of its most dangerous adversary until the battle of Lepanto (1571) which dealt the Ottoman fleet a fatal and final blow.
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From this time the history of Malta is reduced to a series of encounters by sea with the Barbary corsairs which have only local interest. The struggle was carried on chiefly by younger knights who were in haste to accomplish their three "caravans" in order to merit some vacant commandery. It was an existence filled with perils of every kind, sudden attacks, adventures, successes and defeats. There was constant risk of life, or of liberty, which could be regained only at the cost of enormous ransoms. But when success came, the undertaking proved lucrative, not only defraying all costs but also enriching the captain. The best result was the deliverance of hundreds of Christian slaves, chained as rowers on the Turkish galleys. In requital the vanquished Turks were in turn reduced to slavery and sold to Christian galleys which had need of rowers. In this respect Malta remained a veritable slave-market until well into the eighteenth century. It required a thousand slaves to equip merely the galleys of the order, which were a hell for those unfortunates. It will be readily understood that the habit of living in the midst of these scenes of violence and brutality exercised a bad influence on the morals of the knights of the order. Discipline became relaxed and the grand mastership became a more and more perilous honour. Revolts were frequent. In 1581 the grand master, Jean de la Cassière, was made prisoner by his own knights, whose principle grievance was the expulsion of lewd women. The vow of obedience was little better observed than that of celibacy. Once in possession of some commandery situated on the Continent, a knight would become indeed independent of the grand master's authority and maintain only the most remote relations with the order. As to the vow of poverty, the knights were recruited solely from among the nobility, proofs of noble descent being more severely scrutinized than religious dispositions, and naturally, the wealth of the order formed the only motive of these vocations. Its decay began, too, with the confiscation of its possessions. One effect of Protestantism was the alienation of a large group of commanderies, to be thenceforward appropriated to the Protestant nobility, as, for instance, the Bailiwick of Sonnenburg in Prussia. In other Protestant countries the order was simply suppressed. In Catholic countries the sovereigns themselves assumed more and more the right to dispose of the commanderies within their jurisdiction. At last Malta, the very centre of the order, was treacherously surrendered under the grand master, the Count von Hompesch, to General Bonaparte when he made his expedition to Egypt (12 June, 1798).

Present State of the Order
The secularization of the property of the order in Protestant countries was extended by the French Revolution to the greater number of Catholic countries. On the other hand, Czar Paul of Russia assigned them considerable property in his domains (1797), and in return was elected grand master, but his election was not recognized by the pope. From that time forward the pope has named the grand master of the bailiff who takes his place. From 1805 to 1879 there was no grand master, but Leo XIII re-established the dignity, bestowing it on an Austrian, Geschi di Sancta Croce. It is now (1910) held by Galeazzo von Thun Hohenstein. The actual conditions for admission to the order are: nobility of sixteen quarterings, the Catholic Faith, attainment of full legal age, integrity of character, and corresponding social position. There are now in existence only four great priories, one in Bohemia, and three in Italy. There are still commanders and several classes of knights, with different insignia, but all wear the same eight-pointed Maltese cross (see DECORATIONS, PONTIFICAL).
To the Order of the Knights of Malta belong the Convent of S. Maria del Priorato on the Aventine in Rome, overlooking the Tiber, and commanding from its gardens one of the most delightful views of the city. The walls of the convent are adorned with portraits of the knights, and the archives are rich in records of the order. The tombs of the knights in the convent church are interesting. The order was summoned to attend the Convention of Geneva (1864), on the same footing as the great powers.
The Protestant Baliwick of Sonnenburg in Prussia disappeared after the secularization of its property in 1810. Nevertheless Frederick William IV created a new confraternity of "Evangelical Johannittes" (1852), under the master ( Herrenmeister ) always chosen from the royal family, and with a great number of other dignitaries. Admission to the order is subject to numerous conditions, ancient nobility, corresponding social position, and entrance fee of 900 marks, a probation of at least four years as a knight of honor before admission of the accolade which confers the title of Knight of Justice. Their first obligation is to collect contributions for the support of hospitals. Thus this Protestant branch of the order has returned to the ideal of its first founder in the time of the First Crusade. Moreover, in times of war, since 1870, the order has been devoted to ambulance service on the field of battle.
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Haschka, Lorenz LeopoldLorenz Leopold HaschkaA poet-author of the Austrian national anthem; b. at Vienna, 1 Sept. 1749, d. there 3 Aug., ... |
Haspinger, Johann SimonJohann Simon (Joachim) HaspingerA Tyrolese priest and patriot ; b. at Gries, Tyrol, 28 October, 1776; d. in the imperial palace ... |
Hassard, John Rose GreeneJohn Rose Greene HassardAn editor, historian; b. in New York, U.S.A. 4 September, 1836; d. in that city, 18 April, 1888. ... |
Hasslacher, PeterPeter HasslacherPreacher; b. at Coblenz, 14 August, 1810; d. at Paris, 5 July, 1876. He was one of that band of ... |
HatredHatredHatred in general is a vehement aversion entertained by one person for another, or for ... |
HattoHattoArchbishop of Mainz ; b. of a noble Swabian family, c. 850; d. 15 May, 913. He was educated at ... |
Hatton, Edward AnthonyEdward Anthony HattonDominican, apologist ; b. in 1701; d. at Stourton Lodge, near Leeds, Yorkshire, 23 October, ... |
HauaraHauaraA titular see of Palestina Tertia, suffragan of Petra. Peutinger's map locates a place of ... |
HaudriettesHaudriettesA religious congregation founded in Paris early in the fourteenth century by Jeanne, wife of ... |
Haughery, MargaretMargaret HaugheryMargaret Haughery, "the mother of the orphans ", as she was familiarly styled, b. in Cavan, ... |
Hauréau, Jean-BarthélemyJean-Barthelemy HaureauHistorian and publicist; b. at Paris, 1812; d. there, 1896. He was educated at the Louis le Grand ... |
HautecombeHautecombe(Altacomba, Altæcombæum) A Cistercian monastery near Aix-les-Bains in Savoy, ... |
Hautefeuille, Jean deJean de HautefeuilleFrench physicist, b. at Orléans, 20 March, 1647; d. there, 18 October, 1724. He was the ... |
Hautefeuille, Jean deJean de HautefeuilleFrench physicist, b. at Orléans, 20 March, 1647; d. there, 18 October, 1724. He was the ... |
HauteserreHauteserre(ALTESERRA). Antoine Dadin d'Hauteserre Born 1602, died 1682; a distinguished French historian ... |
Hauzeur, MathiasMathias HauzeurA Franciscan theologian, b. at Verviers, 1589; d. at Liège 12 November, 1676, for many ... |
HavanaHavanaDiocese of Havana (San Cristóbal de la Habana) — Avanensis The city of Havana is ... |
Havestadt, BernhardBernhard HavestadtGerman Jesuit ; b. at Cologne, 27 February, 1714; died at Münster after 1778. He entered ... |
Hawarden, EdwardEdward Hawarden(HARDEN). Theologian and controversialist, b. in Lancashire, England, 9 April, 1662; d. in ... |
Hawes, StephenStephen HawesPoet; b. in Suffolk about 1474; d. about 1523. Very little is known of his life. He was educated ... |
Hawker, Robert StephenRobert Stephen HawkerPoet and antiquary; b. at Plymouth 3 December, 1803, d. there 15 August, 1875, son of Jacob ... |
Hawkins, Sir HenrySir Henry HawkinsRaised to the peerage as Lord Brampton, eminent English lawyer and Judge, b. at Hitchin, ... |
Hay, Edmund and JohnEdmund and John Hay(1) Edmund Hay Jesuit, and envoy to Mary Queen of Scots, b. 1540?; d. at Rome, 4 Nov., 1591. he ... |
Hay, GeorgeGeorge HayBishop and writer, b. at Edinburgh, 24 Aug., 1729; d. at Aquhorties, 18 Oct., 1811. His parents ... |
Haydn, Franz JosephFranz Joseph HaydnBorn of staunch Catholic parents at Rohrau, Austria, 1 April, 1732; died at Gumpendorf, Vienna, ... |
Haydn, Johann MichaelJohann Michael HaydnA younger brother of Franz Joseph Haydn ; born at Rohrau, Austria, 14 September, 1737; died at ... |
Haydock, George LeoGeorge Leo HaydockPriest and Biblical scholar; b. 11 April, 1774, at Cottam, near Wood Plumpton, Lancashire; d. 29 ... |
Haydock, Venerable GeorgeVen. George HaydockEnglish martyr ; born 1556; executed at Tyburn, 12 February, 1583-84. He was the youngest son of ... |
HaymoHaymo( Or Haimo). A Benedictine bishop of the ninth century; d. 26 March, 853. The exact date ... |
Haymo of FavershamHaymo of FavershamEnglish Franciscan and schoolman, b. at Faversham, Kent; d. at Anagni, Itlay, in 1243, according ... |
Haynald, LajosLajos HaynaldCardinal, Archbishop of Kalocsa-Bács in Hungary ; b. at Szécsény, 3 ... |
Hazart, CorneliusCornelius HazartControversialist, orator, and writer, b. 28 October, 1617, at Oudenarde in the Netherlands ; ... |
Healy, George Peter AlexanderGeorge Peter Alexander HealyAn American portrait and historical painter, b. at Boston, 15 July, 1808; d. at Chicago, 14 June ... |
Hearse, TenebraeTenebrae HearseThe Tenebræ Hearse is the triangular candlestick used in the Tenebræ service. The ... |
Heart of Jesus, Devotion to theDevotion to the Sacred Heart of JesusThe treatment of this subject is divided into two parts: I. Doctrinal Explanations;II. Historical ... |
Heart of Mary, Congregations ofCongregations of the Heart of MaryI. Sisters of the Holy Heart of Mary Founded in 1842 at Nancy, by Mgr Menjaud, Bishop of ... |
Heart of Mary, Devotion to theDevotion To the Heart of MaryAs in the article on Devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus , this subject will be considered ... |
Heath, Ven. HenryVen. Henry HeathEnglish Franciscan and martyr, son of John Heath; christened at St. John's, Peterborough, 16 ... |
HeavenHeavenThis subject will be treated under seven headings: I. Name and Place of Heaven; II. Existence of ... |
Hebrew BibleHebrew BibleAs compared with the Latin Vulgate , the Hebrew Bible includes the entire Old Testament with ... |
Hebrew Language and LiteratureHebrew Language and LiteratureHebrew was the language spoken by the ancient Israelites, and in which were composed nearly all ... |
Hebrews, Epistle to theEpistle to the HebrewsThis will be considered under eight headings: (I) Argument; (II) Doctrinal Contents; (III) ... |
Hebrides, NewNew HebridesVicariate Apostolic in Oceania; comprises the New Hebrides, with Banks and Torres, islands ... |
HebronHebron( hbrwn, chebrón ) An ancient royal city of Chanaan, famous in biblical history, ... |
Hecker, Isaac ThomasIsaac Thomas HeckerMissionary, author, founder of the Paulists ; b. in New York, 18 December, 1819; d. there, 22 ... |
HedonismHedonism( hedoné, pleasure). The name given to the group of ethical systems that hold, with ... |
Hedwig, SaintSt. HedwigDuchess of Silesia, b. about 1174, at the castle of Andechs ; d. at Trebnitz, 12 or 15 ... |
Heeney, CorneliusCornelius HeeneyMerchant and philanthropist; b. in King's County, Ireland, 1754; d. at Brooklyn, U.S.A. 3 May, ... |
Heereman von Zuydwyk, Freiherr vonHeeremann von Zuydwyk(Clemens Aug. Ant.). Catholic statesman and writer on art, b. 26 Aug., 1832, at Surenburg near ... |
HeeswijkHeeswijkA village in the diocese of Hertogenbosch (Bois-le-Duc), Holland, in which the dispersed ... |
Hefele, Karl Joseph vonKarl Joseph von HefeleBishop of Rottenburg, b. at Unterkochen, Würtemberg, 15 March, 1809; d. at Rottenburg, 5 ... |
HegelianismHegelianism(1) Life and Writings of Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was born at Stüttgart in 1770; ... |
Hegesippus, SaintSt. Hegesippus(Roman Martyrology, 7 April). A writer of the second century, known to us almost exclusively ... |
Hegesippus, The Pseudo-The Pseudo-HegesippusA fourth-century translator of the "Jewish War" of Flavius Josephus. The name is based on an ... |
Hegius, AlexanderAlexander HegiusHumanist ; b. probably in 1433, at Heeck (Westphalia); d. 7 December, 1498, at Deventer ... |
Heidelberg, University ofUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelberg, a city of 41,000 inhabitants, is situated in the Grand Duchy of Baden, on the left ... |
HeiligenkreuzHeiligenkreuz(SANCTA CRUX). An existing Cistercian monastery in the Wienerwald, eight miles north-west of ... |
HeilsbronnHeilsbronn(FONS SALUTIS). Formerly a Cistercian monastery in the Diocese of Eichstätt in Middle ... |
Heilsbronn, Monk ofMonk of HeilsbronnThis name indicates the unknown author of some small mystical treatises, written about the ... |
Heim, François JosephFrancois Joseph HeimFrench historical painter, b. near Belfort, 1787, d. in Paris, 1865. This clever painter ... |
Heinrich der GlïchezäreHeinrich Der Glichezare( Glïchezäre , i.e. the hypocrite, in the sense of one who adopts a strange name or ... |
Heinrich von AhausHeinrich von Ahaus(Hendrik van Ahuis) Founder of the Brethren of the Common Life in Germany, b. in 1371, the ... |
Heinrich von LaufenbergHeinrich von LaufenbergA German poet of the fifteenth century, d. at Strasburg in 1460; he was a priest in Freiburg ... |
Heinrich von MeissenHeinrich von MeissenUsually called "Frauenlob" (Woman's praise), a Middle High German lyric poet; b. at Meissen ... |
Heinrich von MelkHeinrich von MelkGerman satirist of the twelfth century; of knightly birth and probably a lay brother in the ... |
Heinrich von VeldekeHeinrich von VeldekeA medieval German poet of knightly rank; b. near Maastricht in the Netherlands about the ... |
Heinz, JosephJoseph HeinzSwiss painter ; b. at Basle, 11 June, 1564; d. near Prague, Bohemia, October, 1609. He appears ... |
Heis, EduardEduard HeisGerman astronomer, b. at Cologne, 18 February, 1806; d. at Münster, Westphalia, 30 June, ... |
HeisterbachHeisterbach(Vallis S. Petri). A former Cistercian monastery in the Siebengebirge near the little town ... |
Helen of Sköfde, SaintSaint Helen of SkofdeMartyr in the first half of the twelfth century. Her feast is celebrated 31 July. Her life ... |
Helena (Montana)Helena(Helenensis) Erected from the Vicariate of Montana, 7 March, 1884. It comprises the western ... |
Helena, SaintSt. HelenaThe mother of Constantine the Great , born about the middle of the third century, possibly in ... |
HelenopolisHelenopolisA titular see of Bithynia Prima, suffragan of Prusa. On the southern side of the Sinus Astacenus ... |
HeliHeli (Eli)Heli the Judge and High Priest Heli (Heb. ELI, Gr. HELI) was both judge and high-priest, whose ... |
Heliae, PaulPaul Heliae(POVL HELGESEN) A Carmelite, opponent of the Reformation in Denmark, born at Warberg (in the ... |
Heliand, TheThe Heliand( German Heiland , Saviour) The oldest complete work of German literature . Matthias Flacius ... |
HeliogabalusHeliogabalus(E LAGABAL ) The name adopted by Varius Avitus Bassianus, Roman emperor (218-222), born of ... |
HellHellThis subject is treated under eight headings: (I) Name and Place of Hell; (II) Existence of ... |
Hell, MaximilianMaximilian Hell(Höll). Astronomer, b. at Schemnitz in Hungary, 15 May, 1720; d. at Vienna, 14 April, ... |
Hello, ErnestErnest HelloFrench philosopher and essayist, b. at Lorient, Brittany, 4 Nov., 1828; d. at Kéroman, ... |
HelmoldHelmoldA historian, born in the first half of the twelfth century; died about 1177. He was a native of, ... |
Helmont, Jan Baptista vanJan Baptista van HelmontBorn at Brussels, 1577; died near Vilvorde, 30 December, 1644. This scientist, distinguished in ... |
Helpers of the Holy Souls, Society of theSociety of the Helpers of the Holy Souls( Auxiliatrices des Ames du Purgatoire ) A religious order of women founded in Paris, ... |
Helpidius, Flavius RusticiusFlavius Rusticius HelpidiusThe name of several Latin writers. It appears in the manuscript of Pomponius Mela and Julius ... |
Hemmerlin, FelixFelix Hemmerlin(MALLEOLUS) properly HEMERLI A provost at Solothurn, in Switzerland, born at Zurich, in 1388 ... |
Henderson, Issac AustinIssac Austin HendersonBorn at Brooklyn, 1850; died in Rome, March, 1909. His family was of Scotch and Irish ... |
Hendrick, Thomas AugustineThomas Augustine HendrickFirst American and the twenty-second Bishop of Cebú, Philippine Islands, b. at Penn Yan, ... |
Hengler, LawrenceLawrence HenglerCatholic priest and the inventor of the horizontal pendulum, b. at Reichenhofen, ... |
Hennepin, LouisLouis HennepinOne of the most famous explorers in the wilds of North America during the seventeenth century, b. ... |
HenochHenoch(Greek Enoch ). The name of the son of Cain ( Genesis 4:17, 18 ), of a nephew of Abraham ... |
Henoch, Book ofThe Book of EnochThe antediluvian patriarch Henoch according to Genesis "walked with God and was seen no more, ... |
HenoticonHenoticonThe story of the Henoticon forms a chapter in that of the Monophysite heresy in the fifth and ... |
Henríquez, CrisóstomoCrisostomo HenriquezA Cistercian religious of the Spanish Congregation; b. at Madrid, 1594; d. 23 December, 1632, ... |
Henríquez, EnriqueEnrique HenriquezNoted Jesuit theologian, b. at Oporto, 1536; d. at Tivoli, 28 January, 1608. At the age of ... |
Henri de Saint-IgnaceHenri de Saint-IgnaceA Carmelite theologian, b. in 1630, at Ath in Hainaut, Belgium ; d. in 1719 or 1720, near ... |
Henrion, Mathieu-Richard-AugusteMathieu-Richard-Auguste HenrionBaron, French magistrate, historian, and journalist; b. at Metz, 19 June, 1805; d. at Aix, ... |
Henry AbbotHenry AbbotLayman, martyred at York, 4 July, 1597, pronounced Venerable in 1886. His acts are thus related ... |
Henry IIHenry II (King of England)King of England, born 1133; died 6 July, 1189; was in his earlier life commonly known as Henry ... |
Henry II, SaintSt. Henry IIGerman King and Holy Roman Emperor, son of Duke Henry II (the Quarrelsome) and of the Burgundian ... |
Henry IIIHenry IIIGerman King and Roman Emperor, son of Conrad II; b. 1017; d. at Bodfeld, in the Harz Mountains, 5 ... |
Henry IVHenry IVKing of France and Navarre, son of Jeanne d'Albret and Antoine de Bourbon, b. 14 December, 1553, ... |
Henry IVHenry IVGerman King and Roman Emperor, son of Henry III and Agnes of Poitou, b. at Goslar, 11 November, ... |
Henry of FriemarHenry of Friemar(DE VRIMARIA) German theologian ; b. at Friemar, a small town near Gotha in Thuringia, about ... |
Henry of GhentHenry of Ghent(HENRICUS DE GANDAVO, known as the DOCTOR SOLEMNIS) A notable scholastic philosopher and ... |
Henry of HerfordHenry of Herford(Or HERWORDEN; HERVORDIA) Friar and chronicler; date of birth unknown; died at Minden, 9 Oct., ... |
Henry of HuntingdonHenry of HuntingdonHistorian; b. probably near Ramsey, Huntingdonshire, between 1080 and 1085; d. 1155. Little is ... |
Henry of KalkarHenry of Kalkar(Egher). Carthusian writer, b. at Kalkar in the Duchy of Cleves in 1328; d. at Cologne, 20 ... |
Henry of LangensteinHenry of Langenstein(Henry of Hesse the Elder.) Theologian and mathematician; b. about 1325 at the villa of ... |
Henry of NördlingenHenry of NoerdlingenA Bavarian secular priest, of the fourteenth century, date of death unknown; the spiritual ... |
Henry of RebdorfHenry of RebdorfAlleged author of an imperial and papal chronicle of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, is ... |
Henry of Segusio, BlessedBl. Henry of SegusioUsually called Hostiensis , an Italian canonist of the thirteenth century, born at Susa (in ... |
Henry Suso, BlessedBl. Henry Suso(Also called Amandus , a name adopted in his writings). German mystic, born at Constance on ... |
Henry the Navigator, PrincePrince Henry the NavigatorBorn 4 March, 1394; died 13 November, 1460; he was the fourth son of John I, King of Portugal, by ... |
Henry VHenry VGerman King and Roman Emperor, son of Henry IV ; b. in 1081; d. at Utrecht, 23 May, 1125. He ... |
Henry VIHenry VIGerman King and Roman Emperor, son of Frederick Barbarossa and Beatrice of Burgundy ; b. in ... |
Henry VIIIHenry VIIIKing of England, born 28 June, 1491; died 28 January, 1547. He was the second son and third ... |
Henryson, RobertRobert HenrysonScottish poet, born probably 1420-1430; died about 1500. His birthplace, parentage, and place of ... |
Henschen, GodfreyGodfrey Henschen(Or Henskens .) Jesuit, hagiographer ; b. at Venray (Limburg), 21 June, 1601; d. at ... |
Hensel, LuiseLuise HenselPoetess and convert ; born at Linum, 30 March, 1798; died at Paderborn, 18 December, 1876. Her ... |
Henten, JohnJohn HentonBiblical exegete, born 1499 at Nalinnes Belgium ; died 10 Oct., 1566, at Louvain. When quite ... |
HeortologyHeortology(From the Greek heorte , festival, and logos , knowledge, discourse) Heortology ... |
HephæstusHephaestusA titular see of Augustamnica Prima, mentioned by Hierocles (Synecd., 727, 9), by George of ... |
HeptarchyHeptarchy(A NGLO -S AXON H EPTARCHY ) By the term heptarchy is understood that complexus of ... |
HeraclasHeraclasBishop of Alexandria from 231 or 232; to 247 or 248. Of his earlier life Origen tells us, ... |
HeracleaHeracleaA titular see of Thracia Prima. Heraclea is the name given about four centuries before the ... |
Heraldry, EcclesiasticalEcclesiastical HeraldryEcclesiastical heraldry naturally divides itself into various branches, principally: the arms of ... |
Herbart and HerbartianismHerbart and HerbartianismThe widespread and increasing influence of Herbart and his disciples in the work of education ... |
Herbert of BoshamHerbert of BoshamA biographer of St. Thomas Becket , dates of birth and death unknown. He was probably born in ... |
Herbert of Derwentwater, SaintSaint Herbert of Derwentwater(Hereberht). Date of birth unknown; d. 20 March, 687; an anchorite of the seventh century, ... |
Herbert of Lea, Lady ElizabethLady Elizabeth Herbert of LeaAuthoress, and philanthropist, b. in 1822; d. in London 30 Oct., 1911. Lady Herbert was the ... |
Herbst, Johann GeorgJohann Georg HerbstBorn at Rottweil, in Würtemberg, 13 January, 1787; died 31 July, 1836. His college course, ... |
Herculano de Carvalho e Araujo, AlejandroAlejandro Herculano de Carvalho e AraujoBorn at Lisbon, 28 March, 1810; died near Santarem, 13 Sept., 1877. Because of his liberal ... |
HerderHerderThe name of a German firm of publishers and booksellers. Bartholomäus Herder Founder of the ... |
Herdtrich, Christian WolfgangChristian Wolfgang Herdtrich(According to Franco, Christianus Henriques ; Chinese, Ngen ). An Austrian Jesuit ... |
HeredityHeredityThe offspring tends to resemble, sometimes with extraordinary closeness, the parents ; this is ... |
Hereford, Ancient Diocese ofAncient Diocese of Hereford(HEREFORDENSIS) Located in England. Though the name of Putta, the exiled Bishop of ... |
Hereswitha, SaintSt. Hereswitha(HAERESVID, HERESWYDE). Daughter of Hereric and Beorhtswith and sister of St. Hilda of Whitby. ... |
HeresyHeresyI. Connotation and DefinitionII. Distinctions III. Degrees of heresy IV. Gravity of the sin of ... |
Hergenröther, JosephJoseph HergenrotherChurch historian and canonist, first Cardinal-Prefect of the Vatican Archives, b. at ... |
HeribertHeribert(ARIBERT) Archbishop of Milan (1018-1045) An ambitious and warlike prince of the ... |
Heribert, SaintSt. HeribertArchbishop of Cologne ; born at Worms, c. 970; died at Cologne, 16 March, 1021. His father was ... |
Heriger of LobbesHeriger of LobbesA medieval theologian and historian; born about 925; died 31 October, 1007. After studying at ... |
Herincx, WilliamWilliam HerincxA theologian, born at Helmond, North Brabant, 1621; died 17 Aug., 1678. After receiving his ... |
Hermann ContractusHermann Contractus(Herimanus Augiensis, Hermann von Reichenau ). Chronicler, mathematician, and poet; b. 18 ... |
Hermann IHermann ILandgrave of Thuringia (1190-1217), famous as a patron of medieval German poets. He was the ... |
Hermann Joseph, SaintBl. Hermann JosephPremonstratensian monk and mystic; b. at Cologne about 1150; d. at Hoven, 7 April, 1241. ... |
Hermann of AltachHermann of Altach(Niederaltaich). A medieval historian; b. 1200 or 1201; d. 31 July, 1275. He received his ... |
Hermann of FritzlarHermann of FritzlarWith this name are connected two works on mysticism written in German. The first, "Das ... |
Hermann of MindenHermann of MindenProvincial of the German province of Dominicans ; b. at or near Minden on an unknown date ; d. ... |
Hermann of SalzaHermann of SalzaFourth Grand Master of the Teutonic Order , descendant of the noble Thuringian house of Salza; ... |
Hermanos Penitentes, LosLos Hermanos Penitentes(The Penitent Brothers), a society of flagellants existing among the Spanish of New Mexico and ... |
HermasHermas(First or second century), author of the book called "The Shepherd" ( Poimen , Pastor), a work ... |
Hermas, SaintSaint HermasMartyr The Roman Martyrology sets down for 18 August (XV Kal. Septembris) the feast of the ... |
HermeneuticsHermeneuticsDerived from a Greek word connected with the name of the god Hermes, the reputed messenger and ... |
Hermengild, SaintSt. HermengildDate of birth unknown; d. 13 April, 585. Leovigild, the Arian King of the Visigoths (569-86), ... |
Hermes, GeorgeGeorge HermesPhilosopher and theologian, b. at Dreierwalde near Theine (Westphalia), 22 April, 1775; d. at ... |
Hermes, SaintSt. HermesMartyr, Bishop of Salano (Spalato) in Dalmatia. Very little is known about him; in Romans ... |
Hermite, CharlesCharles HermiteBorn at Dieuze, Lorraine, 24 December, 1822; d. at Paris, 14 January, 1901; one of the greatest ... |
HermitsHermits( Eremites , "inhabitants of a desert ", from the Greek eremos ), also called anchorites, ... |
Hermits of St. AugustineHermits of St. Augustine(Generally called Augustinians and not to be confounded with the Augustinian Canons ). A ... |
HermonHermon[From the Hebrew meaning "sacred (mountain)"; Septuagint, Aermon ] A group of mountains ... |
Hermopolis MagnaHermopolis MagnaA titular see of Thebais Prima, suffragan of Antinoe, in Egypt. The native name was Khmounoun; ... |
Hermopolis ParvaHermopolis ParvaA titular see of Ægyptus Prima, suffragan of Alexandria. Its ancient name, Dimanhoru or ... |
HerodHerod(Greek Herodes , from Heros .) Herod was the name of many rulers mentioned in the N.T. ... |
HerodiasHerodiasHerodias, daughter of Aristobulus -- son of Herod the Great and Mariamne -- was a descendant of ... |
Heroic Act of CharityHeroic Act of CharityA decree of the Sacred Congregation of Indulgences dated 18 December, 1885, and confirmed the ... |
Heroic VirtueHeroic VirtueThe notion of heroicity is derived from hero, originally a warrior, a demigod; hence it connotes a ... |
Herp, HenryHenry Herp(Or HARP, Latin CITHARŒDUS, or ERP as in the old manuscripts ) A fifteenth century ... |
Herrad of LandsbergHerrad of Landsberg(or LANDSPERG) A twelfth-century abbess, author of the "Hortus Deliciarum"; born about 1130, ... |
HerregoutsHerregoutsThere were three artists of the name of Herregouts, father, son, and grandson, of whom the chief ... |
Herrera Barnuevo, Sebastiano deSebastiano de Herrera BarnuevoA painter, architect, sculptor and etcher; born in Madrid, 1611 or 1619; died there, 1671; son ... |
Herrera y Tordesillas, Antonio deAntonio de Herrera y TordesillasA Spanish historian; born at Cuellar, in the province of Segovia, in 1559; died at Madrid, 27 ... |
Herrera, Fernando deFernando de HerreraA Spanish lyric poet; born 1537; died 1597. The head of a school of lyric poets who gathered ... |
Herrera, FranciscoFrancisco Herrera(1) Francisco Herrera (el Viejo, the Elder) A Spanish painter, etcher, medallist, and architect; ... |
Herrgott, MarquardMarquard HerrgottA Benedictine historian and diplomat; born at Freiburg in the Breisgau, 9 October, 1694; died ... |
HersfeldHersfeldAn ancient imperial abbey of the Benedictine Order, situated at the confluence of the Geisa and ... |
Hervás y Panduro, LorenzoLorenzo Hervas y PanduroSpanish Jesuit and famous philologist; b. at Horcajo, 1 May, 1735; d. at Rome, 24 August, 1809. ... |
Hervetus, GentianGentian HervetusFrench theologian and controversialist; b. at Olivet, near Orléans, in 1499; d. at ... |
HesebonHesebon(A.V. HESHBON; Greek Esebon, Esbous ; Latin Esbus). A titular see of the province of ... |
HesseHesse(H ESSEN ). The name of a German tribe, and also a district in Germany extending along the ... |
Hessels, JeanJean HesselsA distinguished theologian of Louvain ; born 1522; died 1566. He had been teaching for eight ... |
HesychasmHesychasm(Greek hesychos , quiet). The story of the system of mysticism defended by the monks of ... |
Hesychius of AlexandriaHesychius of AlexandriaGrammarian and lexicographer; of uncertain date, but assigned by most authorities to the later ... |
Hesychius of JerusalemHesychius of JerusalemPresbyter and exegete, probably of the fifth century. Nothing certain is known as to the dates ... |
Hesychius of SinaiHesychius of SinaiA priest and monk of the Order of St. Basil in the Thorn-bush (Batos) monastery on Mt. ... |
HethitesHethites(A.V. H ITTITES ) One of the many peoples of North-Western Asia, styled Hittim in the ... |
Hettinger, FranzFranz HettingerA Catholic theologian ; born 13 January, 1819, at Aschaffenburg; died 26 January, 1890, at ... |
Heude, PierrePierre HeudeMissionary to China and zoologist; b. at Fougères in the Department of Ille-et-Vilaine, ... |
Hewett, JohnJohn Hewett(Alias WELDON). English martyr ; son of William Hewett of York; date of birth unknown; ... |
Hewit, Augustine FrancisAugustine Francis HewitPriest and second Superior General of the Institute of St. Paul the Apostle ; b. at Fairfield, ... |
HexaemeronHexaemeronHexaemeron signifies a term of six days, or, technically, the history of the six days' work of ... |
HexaplaHexaplaThe name given to Origen's edition of the Old Testament in Hebrew and Greek, the most colossal ... |
HexateuchHexateuchA name commonly used by the critics to designate the first six books of the Old Testament, i.e. ... |
Hexham and NewcastleHexham and NewcastleDiocese of Hexham and Newcastle (Hagulstadensis et Novocastrensis). Hexham, in ... |
Heynlin of Stein, JohannJohann Heynlin of Stein(A LAPIDE) A theologian, born about 1425; died at Basle, 12 March, 1496. He was apparently of ... |
Heywood, Jasper and JohnJasper and John Heywood(1) Jasper Heywood A poet and translator; born 1535 in London ; died 1598 at Naples. As a boy ... |
HezekiahEzechiasEzechias (Hebrew = "The Lord strengtheneth"; Septuagint Ezekias ; in the cuneiform inscriptions ... |
Hibernians, Ancient Order ofAncient Order of HiberniansThis organization grew up gradually among the Catholics of Ireland owing to the dreadful ... |
Hickey, AntonyAntony Hickey O.F.M.A theologian, born in the Barony of Islands, Co. Clare, Ireland, in 1586; died in Rome, 26 ... |
Hidalgo, MiguelMiguel HidalgoBorn on the ranch of San Vicente in the district of Guanajuato, 8 May, 1753; executed at ... |
HierapolisTitular Archdiocese of HierapolisTitular Archdiocese, metropolis of the Province of Euphrates, in the Patriarchate of Antioch. ... |
HierapolisHierapolisA titular see of Phrygia Salutaris, suffragan of Synnada. It is usually called by its ... |
HierarchyHierarchy(Greek Hierarchia ; from hieros , sacred; archein , rule, command). This word has been ... |
Hierarchy of the Early ChurchHierarchy of the Early ChurchThe word hierarchy is used here to denote the three grades of bishop, priest, and deacon ( ... |
HierocæsareaHierocaesareaA titular see of Lydia, suffragan of Sardis. This town is mentioned by Ptolemy (VI, ii, 16). ... |
HieronymitesHieronymitesIn the fourth century, certain Roman ladies, following St. Paula, embraced the religious life ... |
HierotheusHierotheusAll attempts to establish as historical a personality corresponding to the Hierotheus who ... |
Higden, RanulfRanulf Higden(HYDON, HYGDEN, HIKEDEN.) Benedictine chronicler; died 1364. He was a west-country man, and ... |
High AltarHigh Altar(ALTARE SUMMUM or MAJUS.) The high altar is so called from the fact that it is the chief altar ... |
High Priest, TheThe High PriestThe high-priest in the Old Testament is called by various names: the priest ( Numbers 3:6 ); ... |
Higher CriticismBiblical Criticism (Higher)Overview Biblical criticism in its fullest comprehension is the examination of the literary ... |
Hilarion, SaintSt. HilarionFounder of anchoritic life in Palestine; born at Tabatha, south of Gaza, Palestine, about 291; ... |
Hilarius of SextenHilarius of Sexten(In the world, CHRISTIAN GATTERER.) Moral theologian ; born 1839, in the valley of Sexten in ... |
Hilarius, Pope SaintPope Saint Hilarus[ Also spelled HILARIUS] Elected 461; the date of his death is given as 28 Feb., 468. After ... |
Hilarus, Pope SaintPope Saint Hilarus[ Also spelled HILARIUS] Elected 461; the date of his death is given as 28 Feb., 468. After ... |
Hilary of Arles, SaintSt. Hilary of ArlesArchbishop, b. about 401; d. 5 May, 449. The exact place of his birth is not known. All that may ... |
Hilary of Poitiers, SaintSt. Hilary of PoitiersBishop, born in that city at the beginning of the fourth century; died there 1 November, according ... |
Hilda, SaintSt. HildaAbbess, born 614; died 680. Practically speaking, all our knowledge of St. Hilda is derived from ... |
Hildebert of LavardinHildebert of LavardinBishop of Le Mans, Archbishop of Tours, and celebrated medieval poet; b. about 1056, at the ... |
Hildegard, SaintSaint HildegardBorn at Böckelheim on the Nahe, 1098; died on the Rupertsberg near Bingen, 1179; feast 17 ... |
HildesheimHildesheimDiocese of Hildesheim (Hildesheimensis). An exempt see, comprising the Prussian province of ... |
Hilduin, Abbot of St-DenisHilduinHe died 22 November, 840. He was a scion of a prominent Frankish family, hut the time and place ... |
Hill, Ven. RichardVen. Richard HillEnglish Martyr, executed at Durham, 27 May, 1590. Very little is known of him and his ... |
HillelHillelA famous Jewish rabbi who lived about 70 B.C.-A.D. 10. Our only source of information concerning ... |
Hilton, WalterWalter HiltonAugustinian mystic, d. 24 March, 1396. Little is known of his life, save that he was the head of a ... |
HimeriaHimeriaA titular see in the province of Osrhoene, suffragan of Edessa. The "Notitia" of Anastasius, ... |
HimeriusHimerius(called also EUMERIUS and COMERIUS) An Archbishop of Tarragona in Spain, 385. He is the ... |
HincmarHincmar, Archbishop of ReimsAn archbishop of Reims ; born in 806; died at Epernay on 21 December, 882. Descended from a ... |
HincmarHincmar, Bishop of LaonBishop of Laon; died 879. In the beginning of 858 the younger Hincmar, a nephew on the mother's ... |
Hinderer, RomanRoman Hinderer(Chinese TE). A German missionary in China, born at Reiningen, near Mülhausen, date ... |
HinduismHinduismHinduism in its narrower sense, is the conglomeration of religious beliefs and practices ... |
Hingston, Sir William HalesSir William Hales HingstonCanadian physician and surgeon, b. at Hinchinbrook near Huntingdon, Quebec, June 29, 1829; d. at ... |
Hippo DiarrhytusHippo Diarrhytus(Or HIPPO ZARRHYTUS.) A titular see of Northern Africa, now called Bizerta, originally a ... |
Hippo RegiusHippo RegiusA titular see of Numidia, now a part of the residential see of Constantine. Hippo was a Tyrian ... |
Hippolytus of Rome, SaintSt. Hippolytus of RomeMartyr, presbyter and antipope ; date of birth unknown; d. about 236. Until the publication ... |
Hippolytus, SaintsSts. HippolytusBesides the presbyter, St. Hippolytus of Rome, others of the name are mentioned in the old ... |
HipposSts. HippolytusBesides the presbyter, St. Hippolytus of Rome, others of the name are mentioned in the old ... |
HirenaHirenaA titular see of southern Tunis. Nothing is known of the city, the name of which may have been ... |
Hirschau, Abbey ofAbbey of HirschauA celebrated Benedictine monastery in Würtemberg, Diocese of Spires, about twenty-two ... |
Hirscher, Johann Baptist vonJohann Baptist von HirscherBorn 20 January, 1788, at Alt-Ergarten, Ravensburg; died 4 September, 1865. He studied at ... |
Historical CriticismHistorical CriticismHistorical criticism is the art of distinguishing the true from the false concerning facts of ... |
History, EcclesiasticalChurch HistoryI. NATURE AND OFFICE Ecclesiastical history is the scientific investigation and the methodical ... |
HittitesHethites(A.V. H ITTITES ) One of the many peoples of North-Western Asia, styled Hittim in the ... |
Hittorp, MelchiorMelchior HittorpA theologian and liturgical writer, born about 1525, at Cologne ; died there in 1584. On the ... |
Hladnik, Franz von PaulaFranz von Paula HladnikBotanist and schoolmaster, b. 29 March, 1773, at Idria, Carniola, Austria ; d. 25 November, ... |
HobartHobart(HOBARTENSIS) Hobart comprises Tasmania, Bruni Island, and the Cape Barren, Flinders, King, ... |
Hodgson, SydneySydney HodgsonA lawman and martyr ; date and place of birth unknown; d. at Tyburn, 10 Dec., 1591. He was a ... |
Hofer, AndreasAndreas HoferA patriot and soldier, born at St. Leonhard in Passeyrthale, Tyrol, 22 Nov., 1767; executed at ... |
Hogan, John BaptistJohn Baptist HoganBetter known, on account of his long sojourn in France, as Abbé Hogan, born near Ennis in ... |
Hohenbaum van der Meer, MoritzMoritz Hohenbaum van Der MeerA Benedictine historian; born at Spörl near Belgrade, 25 June, 1718; died at the monastery ... |
HohenburgHohenburg(ODILIENBERG; ALTITONA) A suppressed nunnery, situated on the Odilienberg, the most famous of ... |
Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, Alexander LeopoldAlexander Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-SchillingsfuerstA titular Bishop of Sardica, famous for his many supposedly miraculous cures, born 17 August, ... |
Holbein, HansHans Holbein (The Elder)(The Elder Holbein) A German painter ; b. at Augsburg about 1460; d. at Isenheim, Alsace, in ... |
Holden, HenryHenry HoldenAn English priest ; born 1596; died March, 1662. Henry Holden was the second son of Richard ... |
HolinessHoliness(A.S. hal , perfect, or whole). Sanctitas in the Vulgate of the New Testament is the ... |
Holland, Ven. ThomasVen. Thomas HollandAn English martyr, b. 1600 at Sutton, Lancashire; martyred at Tyburn, 12 December, 1642. He ... |
Hollanders in the United StatesHollanders in the United StatesThe Hollanders played by no means an insignificant part in the early history of the United ... |
Holmes, JohnJohn HolmesCatholic educator and priest ; born at Windsor, Vermont, in 1799; died at Lorette, near ... |
HolocaustHolocaustAs suggested by its Greek origin ( holos "whole", and kaustos "burnt") the word designates an ... |
Holstenius, LucasLucas Holstenius(HOLSTE). German philologist, b. at Hamburg, 1596; d. at Rome, 2 February, 1661. He studied ... |
Holtei, Karl vonKarl von HolteiGerman novelist, poet, and dramatist; b. at Breslau, 24 January, 1798; d. in that city, 12 ... |
Holy Agony, Archconfraternity ofArchconfraternity of Holy AgonyAn association for giving special honour to the mental sufferings of Christ during His Agony ... |
Holy AllianceHoly AllianceThe Emperor Francis I of Austria, King Frederick William III of Prussia, and the Tsar Alexander I ... |
Holy Child Jesus, Society of theSociety of the Holy Child JesusThe Society was founded in England in 1840 by Mrs. Cornelia Connelly, née Peacock, ... |
Holy Childhood, Association of theAssociation of the Holy ChildhoodA children's association for the benefit of foreign missions. Twenty years after the foundation of ... |
Holy CoatHoly Coat(OF TRIER AND ARGENTEUIL). The possession of the seamless garment of Christ (Gr. chiton ... |
Holy CommunionHoly CommunionBy Communion is meant the actual reception of the Sacrament of the Eucharist. Ascetic writers ... |
Holy Cross AbbeyHoly Cross AbbeyThe picturesque ruins of this monastery are situated on the right bank of the River Suir, about ... |
Holy Cross, Congregation ofCongregation of the Holy CrossA body of priests and lay brothers constituted in the religious state by the simple vows of ... |
Holy Cross, Sisters Marianites ofSisters Marianites of Holy CrossThe congregation of the Sisters Marianites of Holy Cross was founded in 1841, in the parish of ... |
Holy Cross, Sisters of theSisters of the Holy Cross(Mother House, St. Mary's of the Immaculate Conception, Notre Dame, Indiana) As an offset to ... |
Holy Faith, Sisters of theSisters of the Holy FaithFounded at Dublin, in 1857, by Margaret Aylward, under the direction of Rev. John Gowan, C.M., ... |
Holy Family, Archconfraternity of theArchconfraternity of the Holy FamilyThis archconfraternity owes its origin to Henri Belletable, an officer in the Engineers' Corps, ... |
Holy Family, Congregations of theCongregations of the Holy FamilyI. ASSOCIATION OF THE HOLY FAMILY Founded in 1820 by the Abbé Pierre Bienvenue Noailles (d. ... |
Holy GhostHoly GhostI. SYNOPSIS OF THE DOGMA The doctrine of the Catholic Church concerning the Holy Ghost forms ... |
Holy Ghost, Orders of theOrders of the Holy GhostThe Hospital of the Holy Ghost at Rome was the cradle of an order, which, beginning in the ... |
Holy Ghost, Religious Congregations of theReligious Congregations of the Holy GhostI. THE CONGREGATION OF THE HOLY GHOST AND OF THE IMMACULATE HEART OF MARY This Congregation was ... |
Holy Grail, TheThe Holy GrailThe name of a legendary sacred vessel , variously identified with the chalice of the Eucharist ... |
Holy House of LoretoSanta Casa di Loreto (Holy House of Loreto)(The Holy House of Loreto). Since the fifteenth century, and possibly even earlier, the "Holy ... |
Holy Humility of Mary, Sisters of theSisters of the Holy Humility of MaryFounded at Dommartin-sous-Amance, France, in 1855, by John Joseph Begel (b. 5 April, 1817; d. 23 ... |
Holy Infancy, Brothers of theBrothers of the Holy InfancyFounded in 1853 by the Right Rev. John Timon, the first Bishop of Buffalo. The special aim of ... |
Holy InnocentsHoly InnocentsThe children mentioned in St. Matthew 2:16-18 : Herod perceiving that he was deluded by the wise ... |
Holy Name of JesusHoly Name of JesusWe give honour to the Name of Jesus, not because we believe that there is any intrinsic power ... |
Holy Name, Feast of theFeast of the Holy NameThis feast is celebrated on the second Sunday after Epiphany (double of the second class). ... |
Holy Name, Litany of theLitany of the Holy NameAn old and popular form of prayer in honour of the Name of Jesus. The author is not known. ... |
Holy Name, Society of theSociety of the Holy Name(Confraternity of the Most Holy Name of God and Jesus). An indulgenced confraternity in the ... |
Holy OilsHoly Oils(OLEA SACRA). Liturgical Benediction Oil is a product of great utility the symbolic ... |
Holy Oils, Vessels forVessels For Holy OilsIn Christian antiquity there existed an important category of vessels used as receptacles for ... |
Holy OrdersHoly OrdersOrder is the appropriate disposition of things equal and unequal, by giving each its proper place ... |
Holy SaturdayHoly SaturdayIn the primitive Church Holy Saturday was known as Great, or Grand, Saturday, Holy Saturday, the ... |
Holy SeeHoly See(From the Latin Sancta Sedes , Holy Chair). A term derived from the enthronement ... |
Holy SepulchreHoly SepulchreHoly Sepulchre refers to the tomb in which the Body of Jesus Christ was laid after His death ... |
Holy Sepulchre, Canonesses Regular of theCanonesses Regular of the Holy SepulchreConcerning the foundation there is only a tradition connecting it with St. James the Apostle and ... |
Holy Sepulchre, Fathers of theFathers of the Holy Sepulchre(Guardians) The Fathers of the Holy Sepulchre are the six or seven Franciscan Fathers, who ... |
Holy Sepulchre, Knights of theKnights of the Holy SepulchreNeither the name of a founder nor a date of foundation can be assigned to the so-called Order of ... |
Holy SpiritHoly GhostI. SYNOPSIS OF THE DOGMA The doctrine of the Catholic Church concerning the Holy Ghost forms ... |
Holy Stairs (Scala Sancta)Scala Sancta (Holy Stairs)Consisting of twenty-eight white marble steps, at Rome, near the Lateran; according to tradition ... |
Holy SynodHoly SynodIn its full form M OST H OLY D IRECTING S YNOD , the name of the council by which the ... |
Holy ThursdayMaundy Thursday (Holy Thursday)The feast of Maundy (or Holy) Thursday solemnly commemorates the institution of the Eucharist ... |
Holy WaterHoly WaterThe use of holy water in the earliest days of the Christian Era is attested by documents of ... |
Holy Water FontsHoly Water FontsVessels intended for the use of holy water are of very ancient origin, and archaeological ... |
Holy WeekHoly WeekHoly Week is the week which precedes the great festival of the Resurrection on Easter Sunday, and ... |
Holy Year of JubileeHoly Year of JubileeThe ultimate derivation of the word jubilee is disputed, but it is most probable that the ... |
Holyrood AbbeyHolyrood AbbeyLocated in Edinburgh, Scotland ; founded in 1128 by King David I for the Canons Regular of ... |
HolywellHolywellA town in North Wales, situated on the declivity of a hill overlooking a picturesque valley, ... |
Holywood, ChristopherChristopher Holywood( Latinized , A Sacrobosco.) Jesuit ; b. At Artane, Dublin, in 1559; d. 4 September, 1626. ... |
Holywood, JohnJoannes de Sacrobosco(John Holywood), a monk of English origin, lived in the first half of the thirteenth century as ... |
Holzhauser, BartholomewBartholomew HolzhauserParish priest, ecclesiastical writer, and founder of a religious community; born 24 Aug., ... |
HomesHomesThis term, when used in an eleemosynary sense, covers all institutions that afford the general ... |
HomicideHomicide( Latin homo , man; and caedere , to slay) Homicide signifies, in general, the killing of a ... |
HomileticsHomileticsHomiletics is the science that treats of the composition and delivery of a sermon or other ... |
HomiliariumHomiliariumA collection of homilies, or familiar explanations of the Gospels (see HOMILY). From a very ... |
HomilyHomilyThe word homily is derived from the Greek word homilia (from homilein ), which means to ... |
HomoousionHomoousion(Gr. homoousion - from homos , same, and ousia , essence ; Latin consubstantialem , of ... |
HondurasBritish HondurasVICARIATE APOSTOLIC OF BRITISH HONDURAS. The territory of the vicariate is co-extensive with ... |
Hong-KongHong-KongThe island of Hong-Kong was ceded by the Chinese Government to Great Britain in January, 1841, ... |
Honoratus a Sancta MariaHonoratus a Sancta MariaA Discalced Carmelite ; born at Limoges, 4 July, 1651 ; died at Lille, 1729. Blaise Vauxelles ... |
Honoratus, SaintSaint HonoratusArchbishop of Arles; b. about 350; d. 6 (or, according to certain authors, 14 or 15) January, ... |
Honorius I, PopePope Honorius IPope (625-12 October, 638), a Campanian, consecrated 27 October (Duchesne) or 3 November ... |
Honorius II, PopePope Honorius II(Lamberto Scannabecchi) Born of humble parents at Fagnano near Imola at an unknown date ; ... |
Honorius III, PopePope Honorius III(Cencio Savelli) Born at Rome, date of birth unknown; died at Rome, 18 March, 1227. For a ... |
Honorius IV, PopePope Honorius IV(Giacomo Savelli) Born at Rome about 1210; died at Rome, 3 April, 1287. He belonged to the ... |
Honorius of AutunHonorius of Autun(HONORIUS AUGUSTODUNENSIS) A theologian, philosopher, and encyclopedic writer who lived in ... |
Honorius, FlaviusFlavius HonoriusRoman Emperor, d. 25 August, 423. When his father, the Emperor Theodosius, divided up the ... |
Honorius, SaintSt. HonoriusArchbishop of Canterbury, fifth in succession from St. Augustine, elected 627; consecrated at ... |
HonourHonourHonour may be defined as the deferential recognition by word or sign of another's worth or ... |
Hontheim, Johannes Nicolaus vonJohannes Nicolaus Von Hontheim(FEBRONIUS) An auxiliary Bishop of Trier ; born at Trier, 27 January, 1701; died at ... |
HoodHoodA flexible, conical, brimless head-dress, covering the entire head, except the face. It is either ... |
Hoogstraten, Jacob vanJacob van Hoogstraten(also HOCHSTRATEN) A theologian and controversialist, born about 1460, in Hoogstraeten, ... |
Hooke, Luke JosephLuke Joseph HookeBorn at Dublin in 1716; died at St. Cloud, Paris, 16 April, 1796, son of Nathaniel Hooke the ... |
HopeHopeHope, in its widest acceptation, is described as the desire of something together with the ... |
Hope-Scott, James RobertJames Robert Hope-Scott(Originally H OPE ) Parliamentary barrister, Q.C.; b. 15 July, 1812, at Great Marlow, ... |
Hopi IndiansHopi Indians(From Hopita, "peaceful ones" their own name; also frequently known as Moki, or Moqui, an alien ... |
Hopkins, Gerard ManleyGerard Manley HopkinsJesuit and poet, born at Stratford, near London, 28 July, 1844; died at Dublin, 8 June, 1889. ... |
Hormisdas, Pope SaintPope St. HormisdasDate of birth unknown, elected to the Holy See, 514; d. at Rome, 6 August, 523. This able and ... |
Horner, NicholasNicholas HornerLayman and martyr, born at Grantley, Yorkshire, England, date of birth unknown; died at ... |
Horns, AltarAltar HornsOn the Jewish altar there were four projections, one at each corner, which were called the horns ... |
Hornyold, John JosephJohn Joseph HornyoldA titular Bishop of Phiomelia, Vicar Apostolic of the Midland District, England ; born 19 ... |
Hortulus AnimæHortulus Animae(L ITTLE G ARDEN OF THE S OUL ). A prayer book which both in its Latin and German ... |
HosannaHosanna"And the multitudes that went before and that followed, cried, saying: Hosanna to the son of ... |
HoseaOseeNAME AND COUNTRY Osee (Hôsheá‘– Salvation ), son of Beeri, was one of ... |
Hosius of CordovaHosius of CordovaThe foremost Western champion of orthodoxy in the early anti-Arian struggle; born about 256; ... |
Hosius, StanislausStanislaus Hosius(HOE, HOSZ) Cardinal and Prince- Bishop of Ermland ; born of German parents at Cracow, 5 ... |
HospiceHospice( Latin hospitium , a guest house). During the early centuries of Christianity the hospice ... |
Hospital Sisters of the Mercy of JesusHospital Sisters of the Mercy of JesusThese sisters are established in religion under the Rule of St. Augustine, the institute being ... |
HospitalityHospitalityThe Council of Trent in its twenty-fifth session, cap. viii, De Ref., enjoins "all who hold any ... |
HospitallersHospitallersDuring the Middle Ages, among the hospitals established throughout the West ( Maisons-Dieu ... |
Hospitallers of St. John of JerusalemKnights of Malta(Also known as K NIGHTS OF M ALTA ). The most important of all the military orders, both ... |
HospitalsHospitals(Latin hospes , a guest; hence hospitalis , hospitable; hospitium , a guest-house or ... |
Hospitius, SaintSaint Hospitius(Sospis) Recluse, b. according to tradition in Egypt, towards the beginning of the sixth ... |
Hossche, Sidron deSidron de Hossche( Latin HOSSCHIUS) Sidron de Hossche, poet and priest ; born at Mercken, West Flanders, in ... |
HostHostArchaeological and Historical Aspects The bread destined to receive Eucharistic Consecration is ... |
Host, JohannJohann HostOne of the seven Dominicans, who distinguished themselves in the struggle against Luther in ... |
HottentotsHottentotsThe Hottentot is one of three tribes of South Africa which may be divided — Bantus, ... |
Houbigant, Charles FrançoisCharles-Francois HoubigantBorn in Paris, 1686; died there 31 October, 1783. He entered the Congregation of the Oratory in ... |
Houdon, Jean-AntoineJean-Antoine HoudonBorn at Versailles, 1741; died 16 July, 1828; the most distinguished sculptor of France ... |
Houdry, VincentVincent HoudryPreacher and writer on ascetics; b. 23 January, 1631, at Tours ; d. 21 March, 1729, at Paris. ... |
Houghton, John, BlessedBlessed John HoughtonProtomartyr of the persecution under Henry VIII, b. in Essex, 1487; d. at Tyburn, 4 May, 1535. ... |
Houghton, WilliamWilliam Houghton(Variously called DE HOTUM, DE HOTHUM, DE HOZUM, BOTHUM, DE HONDEN, HEDDON, HEDDONEM, according as ... |
Hours, CanonicalCanonical HoursI. IDEA By canonical hour is understood all the fixed portion of the Divine Office which the ... |
Hours, Liturgy of theDivine Office("Liturgy of the Hours" I. THE EXPRESSION "DIVINE OFFICE" This expression signifies ... |
Hove, Peter vanPeter van HoveFriar Minor, lector in theology and exegete ; b. at Rethy, in Campine (Belgium); d. at Antwerp, ... |
Howard, Mary, of the Holy CrossMary Howard, of the Holy CrossPoor Clare, born 28 December, 1653; died at Rouen, 21 Mary's 1735, daughter of Sir Robert Howard, ... |
Howard, Philip ThomasPhilip Thomas HowardDominican and cardinal, commonly called the "Cardinal of Norfolk"; born at Arundel House, ... |
Howard, Philip, VenerableVen. Philip HowardMartyr, Earl of Arundel; born at Arundel House, London, 28 June 1557, died in the Tower of London, ... |
Howard, Venerable WilliamVen. William HowardViscount Stafford, martyr ; born 30 November, 1614; beheaded Tower-Hill, 29 December, 1680. He ... |
HroswithaHroswithaA celebrated nun -poetess of the tenth century, whose name has been given in various forms, ... |
HuánucoHuanuco(Huanucensis) Suffragan of Lima in Peru. The department of Huánuco contains an ... |
Huajuápam de LeónHuajuapam de Leon(Huajuapatamensis) Diocese in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico, erected by Bull of Leo XIII , ... |
HuarazHuarazDiocese of Huaraz (Huaraziensis) Suffragan of Lima. It comprises the entire department of ... |
Huber, AlphonsAlphons HuberAn historian; born 14 October, 1834, at Fügen, Zillerthal (Tyrol); died 23 November, 1898, at ... |
Hubert WalterHubert WalterArchbishop of Canterbury (1193-1205); died 13 July, 1205; son of Hervey (Herveus) Walter and ... |
Hubert, Jean-FrançoisJean-Francois HubertThe ninth Bishop of Quebec, born at Quebec, 23 February, 1739; died 17 October, 1799; son of ... |
Hubert, SaintSt. HubertConfessor, thirty-first Bishop of Maastricht, first Bishop of Liège, and Apostle of ... |
Hubert, Saint, Military Orders ofMilitary Orders of Saint HubertI. The highest order of Bavaria, founded in 1444 or 1445 by Gerhard V, Duke of Jülich, in ... |
Huc, Evariste RégisEvariste Regis HucA French Lazarist missionary and traveller; born at Caylus (Tarn-et-Garonne), 1 June, 1813; died ... |
Hucbald of St-AmandHucbald of St-Amand(HUGBALDUS, UBALDUS, UCHUBALDUS) A Benedictine monk ; born in 840; died in 930 or 932. The ... |
Huddleston, JohnJohn HuddlestonMonk of the Order of St. Benedict; b. at Farington Hall, Lancashire, 15 April, 1608; exact date ... |
Hudson, Blessed JamesBl. James Thompson(Also known as James Hudson). Martyr, born in or near York; having nearly all his life in that ... |
Hueber, FortunatusFortunatus HueberA Franciscan historian and theologian, born at Neustadt on the Danube; died 12 Feb., 1706, at ... |
Huelgas de BurgosHuelgas de BurgosThe royal monastery of Las Huelgas de Burgos was founded by Alfonso VIII at the instance of ... |
HuescaHuesca(OSCENSIS) Huesca embraces parts of the province of Huesca in north-eastern Spain, seven ... |
Huet, Pierre-DanielPierre-Daniel HuetA distinguished savant and celebrated French bishop ; born 8 February, 1630, at Caen (Normandy), ... |
Hug, Johann LeonhardHugA German Catholic exegete, b. at Constance, 1 June, 1765; d. at Freiburg im Br., 11 March, ... |
Hugh CapetHugh CapetKing of France, founder of the Capetian dynasty, b. about the middle of the tenth century; d. ... |
Hugh Faringdon, BlessedBl. Hugh Faringdon( Vere COOK). English martyr ; b. probably at Faringdon, Berkshire, date unknown; d. at ... |
Hugh of DigneHugh of DigneFriar Minor andascetical writer; b. at Digne, south-east France, date uncertain; d. at ... |
Hugh of FlavignyHugh of FlavignyBenedictine monk and historian; b. about 1064, probably at Verdun (Lorraine); d. before the ... |
Hugh of FleuryHugh of Fleury(Called also HUGO A SANTA MARIA, from the name of the church of his native village). ... |
Hugh of Lincoln, SaintSaint Hugh of LincolnBorn about the year 1135 at the castle of Avalon, near Pontcharra, in Burgundy ; died at London, ... |
Hugh of RemiremontHugh of RemiremontSurnamed CANDIDUS or BLANCUS. Cardinal, born of a noble family, probably in Lorraine, died soon ... |
Hugh of St-CherHugh of St-Cher(Latin D E S ANCTO C ARO ; D E S ANCTO T HEODORICO ). A Dominican cardinal of the ... |
Hugh of St. VictorHugh of St. VictorMedieval philosopher, theologian, and mystical writer; b. 1096, at the manor of Hartingham in ... |
Hugh of StrasburgHugh of StrasburgTheologian, flourished during the latter half of the thirteenth century. The dates of his birth ... |
Hugh the Great, SaintSt. Hugh the GreatAbbot of Cluny, born at Semur (Brionnais in the Diocese of Autun, 1024; died at Cluny, 28 ... |
Hugh, SaintSt. Hugh(Called LITTLE SAINT HUGH OF LINCOLN.) St. Hugh was the son of a poor woman of Lincoln ... |
Hughes, JohnJohn HughesFourth bishop and first Archbishop of New York, born at Annaloghan, Co. Tyrone, Ireland, 24 ... |
Hugo, Charles-HyacintheCharles-Hyacinthe HugoBorn 20 Sept., 1667, at St. Mihiel (Department of Meuse, France ); died 2 August, 1739. He ... |
HuguccioHuguccio(HUGH OF PISA) Italian canonist, b. at Pisa, date unknown; d. in 1210. He studied at ... |
HuguenotsHuguenotsA name by which the French Protestants are often designated. Its etymology is uncertain. ... |
Hulst, Maurice Le Sage d'Hauteroche d'Maurice le Sage d'Hauteroche d'HulstA prelate, writer, orator; born at Paris, 10 Oct., 1841; died there, 6 Nov., 1896. After a ... |
Human ActsHuman ActsActs are termed human when they are proper to man as man; when, on the contrary, they are ... |
HumanismHumanismHumanism is the name given to the intellectual, literary, and scientific movement of the ... |
Humbert of RomansHumbert of Romans(DE ROMANIS). Fifth master general of the Dominican Order, b. at Romans in the Diocese of ... |
Humeral VeilHumeral VeilThis is the name given to a cloth of rectangular shape about 8 ft. long and 1 1/2 ft. wide. The ... |
HumiliatiHumiliatiI. A penitential order dating back, according to some authorities, to the beginning of the ... |
HumilityHumilityThe word humility signifies lowliness or submissiveness an it is derived from the Latin ... |
Humphrey Middlemore, BlessedBl. Humphrey MiddlemoreEnglish Carthusian martyr, date of birth uncertain; d. at Tyburn, London, 19 June, 1535. His ... |
Humphreys, LaurenceLaurence HumphreysLayman and martyr, born in Hampshire, England, 1571; died at Winchester, 1591. Of Protestant ... |
Hungarian Catholics in AmericaHungarian Catholics in AmericaThe Kingdom of Hungary (Magyarország) comprises within its borders several races or ... |
Hungarian LiteratureHungarian LiteratureThe language which has prevailed in Hungary for nearly a thousand years and is spoken at the ... |
HungaryHungaryGEOGRAPHY AND MATERIAL CONDITIONS The Kingdom of Hungary, or "Realm of the Crown of St. Stephen ... |
Hunolt, FranzFranz HunoltThe most popular German preacher of the early part of the eighteenth century, b. 31 March, 1691, ... |
Hunt, Ven. ThurstonVen. Thurston HuntAn English martyr (March, 1601), who belonged to the family seated at Carlton Hall, near ... |
Hunter, Sylvester JosephSylvester Joseph HunterEnglish Jesuit priest and educator; b. at Bath, 13 Sept., 1829; d. at Stonyhurst, 20 June, 1896. ... |
Hunting, Canons onHuntingFrom early times, hunting, in one form or another has been forbidden to clerics. Thus, in the ... |
Huntington, Jedediah VincentJedediah Vincent HuntingtonClergyman, novelist; born 20 January, 1815, in New York City; died 10 March, 1862, at Pau, France. ... |
Hunyady, JánosJanos Hunyady(JOHN) Governor of Hungary, born about 1400; died 11 August, 1456; the heroic defender of the ... |
Huron IndiansHuron IndiansThe main divisions of the subject are: I. THE HURONS BEFORE THEIR DISPERSION (1) Their Place in ... |
Hurst, RichardRichard Hurst(Or HERST.) Layman and martyr, b. probably at Broughton, near Preston, Lancashire, England, ... |
Hurtado, CasparCaspar HurtadoA Spanish Jesuit and theologian, b. at Mondejar, New Castle, in 1575; d. at Alcalá, 5 ... |
HurterHurter(1) Friedrich Emmanuel Von Hurter Convert and historian, b. at Schaffhausen, 19 March, 1787; d. at ... |
Hus, JanJan Hus(Also spelled John ). Born at Husinetz in southern Bohemia, 1369; died at Constance 6 ... |
Husenbeth, Frederick CharlesFrederick Charles HusenbethBorn at Bristol, 30 May, 1796; died at Cossey, Norfolk, 31 October, 1872. The son of a Bristol ... |
Hussey, ThomasThomas HusseyBishop of Waterford and Lismore, b. at Ballybogan, Co. Meath, in 1746; d. at Tramore, Co. ... |
HussitesHussitesThe followers of Jan Hus did not of themselves assume the name of Hussites. Like Hus, they ... |
Hutton, PeterPeter HuttonPriest, b. at Holbeck, Leeds, Yorkshire, England, 29 June, 1811; d. at Ratcliffe, ... |
Huysmans, Joris KarlJoris Karl HuysmansA French novelist; born in Paris, 5 February, 1848; died 12 May, 1907. He studied at the Lycee ... |
Hyacinth and Protus, SaintsSts. Protus and HyacinthMartyrs during the persecution of Valerian (257-9). The day of their annual commemoration is ... |
Hyacinth, SaintSt. HyacinthDominican, called the Apostle of the North, son of Eustachius Konski of the noble family of ... |
Hyacintha Mariscotti, SaintSt. Hyacintha MariscottiA religious of the Third Order of St. Francis and foundress of the Sacconi; born 1585 of a noble ... |
Hydatius of LemicaHydatius of Lemica( Also IDATIUS; LEMICA is more correctly LIMICA.) A chronicler and bishop, born at the end ... |
Hyderabad-Deccan, Diocese ofHyderabad-DeccanHyderabad, also called Bhagnagar, and Fakhunda Bunyad, capital of the Nizam's dominions, was ... |
Hyginus, Pope SaintPope St. HyginusReigned about 138-142; succeeded Pope Telesphorus, who, according to Eusebius (Hist. eccl., IV, ... |
HylozoismHylozoism(Greek hyle , matter + zoe , life ) The doctrine according to which all matter ... |
HymnHymnA derivative of the Latin hymnus , which comes from the Greek hymnos , derived from hydein ... |
Hymnody and HymnologyHymnody and HymnologyHymnody, taken from the Greek ( hymnodia ), means exactly " hymn song", but as the hymn-singer ... |
HypæpaHypaepaTitular see of Asia Minor, suffragan of Ephesus; it was a small town on the southern slope of ... |
HypnotismHypnotism(Greek hypnos , sleep) By Hypnotism , or Hypnosis , we understand here the nervous ... |
HypocrisyHypocrisy(Greek hypo , under, and krinesthai , to contend — hence adequately "to answer" on the ... |
Hypostatic UnionHypostatic UnionA theological term used with reference to the Incarnation to express the revealed truth ... |
HypsistariansHypsistariansHypsistarians or worshippers of the Hypsistos , i.e. of the "Most High" God ; a distinct ... |
Hyrtl, JosephJoseph HyrtlAustrian anatomist, b. at Eisenstadt in Hungary, December 7, 1810; d. 17 July, 1894, on his ... |
HyssopHyssop( Septuagint hyssopos ). A plant which is referred to in a few passages of Holy Writ , and ... |
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