Orlandus de Lassus
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(Original name, Roland de Lattre), composer, born at Mons, Hainault, Belgium, in 1520 (according to most biographers; but his epitaph gives 1532); died at Munich, 14 June, 1594. At the age of eight and a half years he was admitted as soprano to the choir of the church of St. Nicholas in his native city. He soon attracted general attention, both on account of his unusal musical talent and his beautiful voice; so much so that he was three times abducted. Twice his parents had him returned to the parental roof, but the third time they consented to allow him to take up his abode at St-Didier, the temporary residence of Ferdinand de Gonzaga, general in command of the army of Charles V and Viceroy of Sicily. At the end of the campaign in the Netherlands, Orlandus followed his patron to Milan and from there to Sicily. After the change of his voice Orlandus spent about three years at the court of the Marquess della Terza, at Naples. He next went to Rome, where he enjoyed the favour and hospitality, for about six months, of Cardinal Archbishop of Florence, who was then living there. Through the influence of this prince of the church , Orlandus obtained the position of choirmaster at St. John Lateran, in spite of his extreme youth and the fact that there were many capable musicians available. During his residence in Rome, Lassus completed his first volume of Masses for four voices, and a collection of motets for five voices, all of which he had published in Venice. After a sojourn of probably two years in Rome, Lassus, learning of the serious illness of his parents, hastened back to Belgium only to find that they had died. His native city Mons not offering him a suitable field of activity, he spent several years in travel through France and England and then settled at Antwerp for about two years. It was while here that Orlandus received an invitation from Albert V, Duke of Bavaria, not only to become the director of his court chapel, but also to recruit capable musicians for it in the Netherlands. While in the employment and under the protection of this art-loving prince, Lassus developed that phenomenal productivity as a composer which is unsurpassed in the history of music. For thirty-four years he remained active at Munich as composer and director, first under Albert V, and then under his son and successor, William V. During all this time he enjoyed not only the continued and sympathetic favour of his patrons and employers, but was also honoured by Pope Gregory XIII, who appointed him Knight of the Golden Spur; by Charles IX of France, who bestowed upon him the cross of the Order of Malta ; and by Emperor Maximilian, who on 7 December, 1570, raised Lassus and his descendants to the nobility. The imperial document conferring the honour is remarkable, not only as showing the esteem in which the master was held by rulers and nations, but particularly as evidence of the lofty conception on the part of this monarch of the function of art in the social economy. Lassus's great and long-continued activity finally told on his mind and caused a depression and break-down, from which he at first rallied but never fully recovered.
Lassus was the heir to the centuries of preparation and development of the Netherland school, and was its greatest and also its last representative.
While with many of his contemporaries, even the most noted, such as Dufay, Okeghem, Obrecht, and Josquin des Prés, contrapuntal skill is often an end in itself, Lassus, being consummate master of every form of the art and possessing a powerful imagination, always aims at a lofty and truthful interpretation of the text before him. His genius is of a universal nature. His wide culture and the extensive travels of his youth had enabled him to absorb the distinguishing musical traits of every nationality. None of his contemporaries had such a well -defined judgment in the choice of the means of expression which best served his purpose. The lyric, epic, and dramatic elements are alternately in evidence in his work. But he would undoubtedly have been greatest in the dramatic style, had he lived at a later period. Although Lassus lived at the time of the Reformation, when the individual and secular spirit manifested itself more and more in music, and although he interpreted secular poems such as madrigals, chansons , and German lieder , the contents of which were sometimes rather free (as was not infrequently the case in those times), his distinction lies overwhelmingly in his works for the Church.
The diatonic Gregorian modes form the basis of his compositions, and most frequently his themes are taken from liturgical melodies. The number of works the master has left to posterity exceeds two thousand, in every possible form, and in combinations of from two to twelve voices. Many of them remain in manuscript, but the great majority have been printed at Venice, Munich, Nuremberg, Louvain, Antwerp, or Paris. Among his more famous works must be mentioned his setting of the seven penitential psalms, which for variety, depth, truth of expression, and elevation of conception are unsurpassed. Duke Albert showed his admiration for this work by having it written on parchment and bound in two folio volumes, which the noted painter Hans Mielich illustrated, at the command of the duke, in a most beautiful manner. These, with two other smaller volumes containing an analysis of Lassus's and Mielich's work by Samuel van Quickelberg, a contemporary, are preserved in the court library at Munich. Lassus left no fewer than fifty Masses of his composition. Some of these are built upon secular melodies, as was customary in his time, but the thematic material for most of them has been taken from the liturgical chant . In 1604, his two sons, Rudolph and Ferdinand, also musicians of note, published a collection of 516 motets, under the title of "Magnum opus musicum", which was followed in 1609 by "Jubilus B. Mariae Virginis", consisting of 100 settings of the Magnificat. The publication of a critical edition of Lassus's complete works in sixty volumes, prepared by Dr. Haberl and A. Sandberger, was begun 1894.
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Orate FratresOrate FratresThe exhortation (" Pray brethren that my sacrifice and yours be acceptable to God the Father ... |
OratorioOratorioAs at present understood, an Oratorio is a musical composition for solo voices, chorus, orchestra, ... |
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Orders, HolyHoly OrdersOrder is the appropriate disposition of things equal and unequal, by giving each its proper place ... |
Orders, The MilitaryThe Military OrdersIncluding under this term every kind of brotherhood of knights, secular as well as religious, ... |
OrdinariateOrdinariate(From Ordinary ). This term is used in speaking collectively of all the various organs ... |
OrdinaryOrdinary( Latin ordinarius , i. e., judex ) An Ordinary in ecclesiastical language, denotes any ... |
Ordines RomaniOrdines RomaniThe word Ordo commonly meant, in the Middle Ages, a ritual book containing directions for ... |
OregonOregonOne of the Pacific Coast States, seventh in size among the states of the Union (1910). It received ... |
Oregon CityOregon City(OREGONOPOLITAN). Includes that part of the state of Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains, ... |
OremusOremusInvitation to pray, said before collects and other short prayers and occurring continually in ... |
OrenseOrense(AURIENSIS) A suffragan of Compostela, includes nearly all of the civil Province of Orense, ... |
Oresme, NicoleNicole OresmePhilosopher, economist, mathematician, and physicist, one of the principal founders of modern ... |
OrganOrgan(Greek organon , "an instrument") A musical instrument which consists of one or several sets ... |
Organic Articles, TheThe Organic ArticlesA name given to a law regulating public worship, comprising 77 articles relative to Catholicism, ... |
OriaOria(URITANA) Oria, in the Province of Lecce [now the Province of Brindisi -- Ed. ], Apulia, ... |
Oriani, BarnabaBarnaba OrianiItalian Barnabite and astronomer, b. at Carignano, near Milan, 17 July, 1752; d. at Milan, 12 ... |
Oriental Study and ResearchOriental Study and ResearchIn the broadest sense of the term, Oriental study comprises the scientific investigation and ... |
Orientation of ChurchesOrientation of ChurchesAccording to Tertullian the Christians of his time were, by some who concerned themselves with ... |
OrientiusOrientiusChristian Latin poet of the fifth century. He wrote an elegiac poem ( Commonitorium ) of 1036 ... |
OriflammeOriflammeIn verses 3093-5 of the "Chanson de Roland" (eleventh century) the oriflamme is mentioned as a ... |
Origen and OrigenismOrigen and OrigenismI. LIFE AND WORK OF ORIGEN A. BIOGRAPHY Origen, most modest of writers, hardly ever alludes to ... |
Original SinOriginal SinI. Meaning II. Principal Adversaries III. Original Sin in ScriptureIV. Original Sin in ... |
OrihuelaOrihuelaDIOCESE OF ORIHUELA (ORIOLENSIS, ORIOLANA). The Diocese of Orihuela comprises all the civil ... |
Oriol, Saint JosephSaint Joseph OriolPriest, "Thaumaturgus of Barcelona", b. at Barcelona, 23 November, 1650; d. there, 23 March, ... |
OristanoOristanoDiocese of Oristano (Arborensis) in Sardinia. Oristano was the capital of the giudicatura ... |
OrkneysOrkneysA group of islands situated between 58° 41' and 59° 24' N. lat. and 2° 22' and 3° ... |
OrléansOrleans(AURELIANUM) This Diocese comprises the Department of Loiret, suffragan of Paris since 1622, ... |
Orléans, Councils ofCouncils of OrleansSix national councils were held at Orléans in the Merovingian period. I. — At the ... |
Orlandini, NiccolòNiccolo OrlandiniBorn at Florence, 1554; died 1606 at Rome, 17 May. He entered the Jesuit novitiate 7 Nov., ... |
Orley, Barent VanBarent van Orley(Bernard) Painter, b. at Brussels, about 1491; d. there 6 January, 1542. He studied under ... |
Orme, Philibert de l'Philibert de l'OrmeAn architect, born about 1512; died 1570. His style, classical and of the more severe Italian ... |
OropusOropusTitular see, suffragan of Anazarbus in Cilicia Secunda. It never really depended on Anazarbus ... |
Orosius, PaulusPaulus OrosiusHistorian and Christian apologist ; b. probably at Bracara, now Braga, in Portugal, between 380 ... |
Orphans and OrphanagesOrphans and OrphanagesThe death of one or both parents makes the child of the very poor a ward of the community. The ... |
Orsi, Giuseppe AgostinoGiuseppe Agostino OrsiA cardinal, theologian, and ecclesiastical historian, born at Florence, 9 May, 1692, of an ... |
OrsiniOrsiniOne of the most ancient and distinguished families of the Roman nobility, whose members often ... |
OrsisiusOrsisius( Arsisios , Oresiesis-Heru-sa Ast) Egyptian monk of the fourth century; was a disciple ... |
Ortelius, AbrahamAbraham Ortelius(OERTEL) A cartographer, geographer, and archeologist, born in Antwerp, 4 April, 1527; died ... |
Orthodox ChurchOrthodox ChurchThe technical name for the body of Christians who use the Byzantine Rite in various languages ... |
OrthodoxyOrthodoxyOrthodoxy ( orthodoxeia ) signifies right belief or purity of faith. Right belief is not ... |
Orthodoxy, Feast ofFeast of Orthodoxy(or SUNDAY) The first Sunday of the Great Forty days ( Lent ) in the Byzantine Calendar ... |
OrthosiasOrthosiasA titular see of Phœnicia Prima, suffragan of Tyre. The city is mentioned for the first ... |
Ortolano FerrareseOrtolano FerraresePainter of the Ferrara School, b. in Ferrara, about 1490; d. about 1525. His real name was ... |
OrvalOrval(Aurea Vallis, Gueldenthal). Formerly a Cistercian abbey in Belgian Luxemburg, Diocese of ... |
OrvietoOrvietoDIOCESE OF ORVIETO (URBEVETANA) Diocese in Central Italy. The city stands on a rugged mass of ... |
Ory, MatthieuMatthieu OryInquisitor and theologian, b. at La Caune, 1492; d. at Paris, 1557. Entering the Dominican ... |
OsakaOsaka(Osachensis). Osaka ( Oye , great river; saka , cliff), one of the three municipal ... |
OsbaldOsbaldKing of Northumbria, d. 799. Symeon of Durham (Historia Regum) tells us that when Ecfwald, a ... |
Osbaldeston, Edward, VenerableVen. Edward OsbaldestonEnglish martyr, b. about 1560; hanged, drawn, and quartered at York, 16 November, 1594. Son of ... |
OsbernOsbernHagiographer, sometimes confused with Osbert de Clare alias Osbern de Westminster, b. at ... |
Oscott (St. Mary's College)Oscott (St. Mary's College)In 1793, a number of the Catholic nobility and gentry of England formed a committee for the ... |
OseeOseeNAME AND COUNTRY Osee (Hôsheá‘– Salvation ), son of Beeri, was one of ... |
OsimoOsimoDIOCESE OF OSIMO (AUXIMANA). Diocese in the Province of Ascoli Piceno, Italy. Osimo was ... |
Oslo, Ancient See ofAncient See of Oslo(ASLOIA, ASLOENSIS.) Oslo occupied part of the site of Christiania (founded 1624). After the ... |
OsmaOsma(OXOMENSIS) The Diocese borders Burgos and Logroño on the north, Soria and Saragossa ... |
Osmund, SaintSt. OsmundBishop of Salisbury, died 1099; his feast is kept on 4 December. Osmund held an exalted ... |
OsnabrückOsnabrueck(OSNABRUGENSIS) This diocese, directly subject to the Holy See, comprises, in the Prussian ... |
Ossat, Arnaud d'Arnaud d'OssatFrench cardinal, diplomat, and writer, b. at Larroque-Magnoac (Gascony), 20 July, 1537; d. at ... |
Ossory, Diocese ofOssory(Ossoriensis.) In the Province of Leinster, Ireland, is bounded on the south by the Suir, on ... |
OstensoriumOstensorium(From ostendere , "to show"). Ostensorium means, in accordance with its etymology, a ... |
Ostia and VelletriOstia and VelletriSUBURBICARIAN DIOCESE OF OSTIA AND VELLETRI (OSTIENSIS ET VELITERNENSIS). Near Rome, central ... |
OstiensisOstiensisSurname of LEO MARSICANUS, Benedictine chronicler, b. about 1045; d. 22 May, 1115, 1116, or ... |
OstracineOstracineTitular see and suffragan of Pelusium in Augustamnica prima. Pliny (Hist. naturalis, V, xiv) ... |
Ostraka, ChristianChristian OstrakaInscriptions on clay, wood, metal, and other hard materials. Like papyri, they are valuable ... |
OstrogothsOstrogothsOne of the two chief tribes of the Goths, a Germanic people. Their traditions relate that the ... |
Oswald, SaintSt. OswaldArchbishop of York, d. on 29 February, 992. Of Danish parentage, Oswald was brought up by his ... |
Oswald, SaintSt. OswaldKing and martyr ; b., probably, 605; d. 5 Aug., 642; the second of seven brothers, sons of ... |
Oswin, SaintSt. OswinKing and martyr, murdered at Gilling, near Richmond, Yorkshire, England, on 20 August, 651, ... |
Otfried of WeissenburgOtfried of WeissenburgHe is the oldest German poet known by name, author of the "Evangelienbuch", a rhymed version of ... |
OthloOthlo(OTLOH) A Benedictine monk of St. Emmeran's, Ratisbon, born 1013 in the Diocese of ... |
Othmar, SaintSt. Othmar(Audomar.) Died 16 Nov., 759, on the island of Werd in the Rhine, near Echnez, Switzerland. ... |
Otho, Marcus SalviusMarcus Salvius OthoRoman emperor, successor, after Galba, of Nero, b. in Rome, of an ancient Etruscan family ... |
OtrantoOtrantoARCHDIOCESE OF OTRANTO (HYDRUNTINA). Otranto is a city of the Province of Lecce, Apulia, ... |
Ottawa, Archdiocese ofOttawaArchdiocese of Ottawa (Ottawiensis). The Archdiocese of Ottawa, in Canada, originally ... |
Ottawa, University ofUniversity of OttawaConducted by the Oblates of Mary Immaculate ; founded in 1848. It was incorporated in 1849 under ... |
Otto I, the GreatOtto I (The Great)Roman emperor and German king, b. in 912; d. at Memleben, 7 May, 973; son of Henry I and his ... |
Otto IIOtto IIKing of the Germans and Emperor of Rome, son of Otto I and Adelaide, b. 955; d. in Rome, 7 ... |
Otto IIIOtto IIIGerman king and Roman emperor, b. 980; d. at Paterno, 24 Jan., 1002. At the age of three he was ... |
Otto IVOtto IVGerman king and Roman emperor, b. at Argentau (Dept. of Orne), c. 1182; d. 19 May, 1218; son of ... |
Otto of FreisingOtto of FreisingBishop and historian, b. between 1111 and 1114, d. at Morimond, Champagne, France, 22 ... |
Otto of PassauOtto of PassauAll we know of him is in the preface of his work, in which he calls himself a member of the ... |
Otto of St. BlasienOtto of BlasienChronicler, b. about the middle of the twelfth century; d. 23 July, 1223, at St. Blasien in the ... |
Otto, SaintSaint OttoBishop of Bamberg, b. about 1060; d. 30 June, 1139. He belonged to the noble, though not ... |
OttobeurenOttobeuren(OTTOBURA, MONASTERIUM OTTOBURANUM) Formerly a Benedictine abbey, now a priory, near ... |
Ouen, SaintSt. Ouen(OWEN; DADON, Latin Audaenus ). Archbishop of Rouen, b. at Sancy, near Soissons about ... |
Our Father, TheLord's PrayerAlthough the Latin term oratio dominica is of early date, the phrase "Lord's Prayer" does not ... |
Our Lady of Charity of the Good ShepherdOur Lady of Charity of the Good ShepherdThe aim of this institute is to provide a shelter for girls and women of dissolute habits, who ... |
Our Lady of Good Counsel, Feast ofFeast of Our Lady of Good CounselRecords dating from the reign of Paul II (1464-71) relate that the picture of Our Lady, at ... |
Our Lady of Perpetual HelpOur Lady of Perpetual Succour (Our Lady of Perpetual Help)( Or OUR LADY OF PERPETUAL HELP.) The picture of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour is painted ... |
Our Lady of Perpetual SuccourOur Lady of Perpetual Succour (Our Lady of Perpetual Help)( Or OUR LADY OF PERPETUAL HELP.) The picture of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour is painted ... |
Our Lady of the Fields, Brothers ofBrothers of Our Lady of the FieldsA Canadian congregation founded in 1902 at St-Damien de Buckland in the Diocese of Quebec by ... |
Our Lady of the SnowOur Lady of the Snow("Dedicatio Sanctæ Mariæ ad Nives"). A feast celebrated on 5 August to ... |
Our Lady, Help of Christians, Feast ofFeast of Our Lady, Help of ChristiansThe invocation Auxilium Christianorum (Help of Christians ) originated in the sixteenth ... |
Overbeck, FriedrichFriedrich OverbeckConvert and painter of religious subjects, b. at Lübeck, 3 July, 1789; d. at Rome, 12 ... |
Overberg, Bernhard HeinrichBernhard Heinrich OverbergA German ecclesiastic and educator, born 1 May, 1754; died 9 November, 1826. Of poor parents in ... |
Overpopulation, Theories ofOverpopulation TheoriesDown to the end of the eighteenth century, very little attention was given to the relation between ... |
OviedoOviedo(OVETENSIS) This diocese comprises the civil province of the same name (the ancient Kingdom ... |
Owen, SaintSt. Ouen(OWEN; DADON, Latin Audaenus ). Archbishop of Rouen, b. at Sancy, near Soissons about ... |
Owen, Saint NicholasSt. Nicholas OwenA Jesuit lay-brother, martyred in 1606. There is no record of his parentage, birthplace, date ... |
Oxenford, JohnJohn OxenfordDramatist, critic, translator, and song-writer, b. in London, 12 Aug., 1812; d. there 21 Feb., ... |
Oxenham, Henry NutcombeHenry Nutcombe OxenhamAn English controversialist and poet, born at Harrow, 15 Nov., 1829; died at Kensington, 23 ... |
OxfordOxfordOxford, one of the most ancient cities in England, grew up under the shadow of a convent, said to ... |
Oxford Movement, TheThe Oxford Movement (1833-1845)The Oxford Movement may be looked upon in two distinct lights. "The conception which lay at its ... |
Oxford, University ofUniversity of OxfordI. ORIGIN AND HISTORY The most extraordinary myths have at various times prevailed as to the ... |
OxyrynchusOxyrynchusTitular archdiocese of Heptanomos in Egypt. It was the capital of the district of its name, the ... |
Ozanam, Antoine-FrédéricAntoine-Frederic OzanamGreat grand-nephew of Jacques Ozanam . Born at Milan, 23 April, 1813; died at Marseilles, 8 ... |
Ozanam, JacquesJacques OzanamA French mathematician, born at Bouligneux (Ain), 1640; died in Paris, 3 April, 1717. He came of a ... |
OziasOzias" Yahweh is my strength", name of six Israelites mentioned in the Bible . (1) Ozias, King ... |
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