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(Septuagint 'Ismaél ; Vulgate Ismahel, in 1 Chronicles 1:28, 20, 31 ).
The son of Abraham and Agar, the Egyptian. His history is contained in parts of Gen., xvi-xxv, wherein three strata of Hebrew tradition (J, E, P) are usually distinguished by contemporary scholars. The name "Ismael", which occurs also in early Babylonian and in Minæan, was given to the child before its birth ( Genesis 16:11 ), and means: "may God hear". As Sarai, Abram's wife, was barren, she gave him, in accordance with the custom of the time, her handmaid, Agar, as concubine, in order to obtain children through her. Agar's conception of a child soon led to her flight into the wilderness, where the angel of Yahweh appeared to her, bade her to return to her mistress, and fixed the name and character of her future son. After her return to Bersabee, she brought forth Ismael to Abram, who was then eighty-six years old (xvi). Ismael was very dear to the aged patriarch, as is shown by his entreaty of God in Ismael's behalf, when the Almighty promised him a son through Sara. In answer to this earnest entreaty, God disclosed to Abraham the glorious future which awaited Ismael: "As for Ismael, I have also heard thee. Behold, I will bless him, and increase, and multiply him exceedingly: he shall beget twelve chiefs, and I will make him a great nation." Ismael was not the destined heir of the covenant; yet, as he belonged to Abraham's family, he was submitted to the rite of circumcision when the patriarch circumcised all the male members of his household. He was then a lad of thirteen (xvii). Abraham's tender love towards Ismael manifested itself on another occasion. He resented Sara's complaint to him, when, on the great festival given at the weaning of Isaac, she requested Agar's and Ismael's summary dismissal because she "had seen the son of Agar the Egyptian playing with [ or mocking] Isaac her son". Ismael was Abraham's own "son", and indeed his first- born. At this juncture, God directed Abraham to accede to Sara's request, comforting him with the repeated assurance of future national greatness for Ismael. Whereupon the patriarch dismissed Agar and Ismael with a modicum of provision for their journey. As their scanty provision of water was soon exhausted, Ismael would have certainly perished in the wilderness, had not God shown to Agar a well of water which enabled her to revive the dying lad.
According to God's repeated promise of future greatness for Agar's son, Ismael grew up, lived in the wilderness of Paran, became famous as an archer, and married an Egyptian wife (xxi, 8-21). He became the father of twelve chiefs, whose names and general quarters are given in Gen., xxv, 12-16. Only one daughter of Ismael is mentioned in Holy Writ , where she is spoken of as one of Esau's wives (cf. Genesis 28:9 ; 36:3 ). The last incident known of Ismael's career is connected with Abraham's burial, in which he appears associated with Isaac (xxv, 9). Ismael died at the age of one hundred and thirty-seven, "and was gathered unto his people" (xxv, 17).
In his Epistle to the Galatians (4:21, sqq.)St. Paul expands allegorically the narrative of Ismael and Isaac, urging upon his readers the duty of not giving up their Christian freedom from the bondage of the Law. Of course, in so arguing, the Apostle of the Gentiles did not intend to detract in any way from the historical character of the narrative in Genesis. With regard to the various difficulties, literary and historical, suggested by a close study of the Biblical account of Ismael's life, suffice it to say that each and all will never cause a careful and unbiased scholar to regard that account otherwise than as portraying an ancient historical character, will never induce him to treat otherwise than as hypercritical every attempt, by whomsoever made, to resolve Ismael into a conjectural personality of the founder of a group of Arabic tribes. And this view of the matter will appear most certain to any one who compares the Biblical narrative with the legends concerning Ismael which are embodied in the Talmud, the Targum, and the other rabbinical works; while the latter are plainly the result of puerile imagination, the former is decidedly the description of an ancient historical figure.
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(Latin institutio , from instituere , to establish) In its widest signification, Canonical ...Intellect
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Vicariate Apostolic in the province of Saint Martin, Colombia, South America, created 24 March, ...Intention
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( Latin interest; Fr. intérêt; Germ. interesse ). The mental state called ...Interims
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Io 5
Iona, School of
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Ir 16
Ireland
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Is 27
Isaac
The son of Abraham and Sara. The incidents of his life are told in Genesis 15-35, in a ...Isaac Jogues, Saint
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(Septuagint 'Ismaél ; Vulgate Ismahel, in 1 Chronicles 1:28, 20, 31 ). The son of ...Isidore of Pelusium, Saint
Born at Alexandria in the latter half of the fourth century; d. not later than 449-50. He is ...Isidore of Seville, Saint
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A Spanish daylabourer; b. near Madrid, about the year 1070; d. 15 May, 1130, at the same place. ...Isionda
A titular see in the province of Pamphylia Secunda; it was a suffragan of Perge. Artemidorus, ...Isla, José Francisco de
Spanish preacher and satirist, b. at Villavidantes (Kingdom of Leon ), 24 March, 1703; d. at ...Islam (Concept)
Islam , an Arabic word which, since Mohammed's time, has acquired a religious and technical ...Islam (Religion)
I. THE FOUNDER Mohammed, "the Praised One", the prophet of Islam and the founder of ...Isleta Pueblo
The name of two pueblos of the ancient Tigua tribe, of remote Shoshoncan stock. The older and ...Islip, Simon
An Archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Islip, near Oxford; d. at Mayfield, Sussex, 26 April, 1366. ...Ismael
(Septuagint 'Ismaél ; Vulgate Ismahel, in 1 Chronicles 1:28, 20, 31 ). The son of ...Ispahan
A Catholic Armenian Latin see. Under the name of Aspandana it was once one of the principal towns ...Israelites
The word designates the descendants of the Patriarch Jacob, or Israel. It corresponds to the ...Issachar
The exact derivation and the precise meaning of the name are unknown. It designates, first, the ...Issus
A titular see of Cilicia Prima, suffragan of Tarsus. The city is famous for a whole series of ...It 9
It 9
Ita, Saint
Saint Ita, called the "Brigid of Munster"; b. in the present County of Waterford, about 475; d. 15 ...Italian Literature
Origins and Development The modern language of Italy is naturally derived from Latin, a ...Italians in the United States
Christopher Columbus, an Italian, was the leader of those who in succeeding centuries were led by ...Italo-Greeks
The name applied to the Greeks in Italy who observe the Byzantine Rite. They embrace three ...Italy
In ancient times Italy had several other names: it was called Saturnia, in honour of Saturn; ...Ite Missa Est
This is the versicle chanted in the Roman Rite by the deacon at the end of Mass, after the ...Itineraria
(MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN GUIDE-BOOKS: Latin iter , gen. itineris , journey) Under this term are ...Itinerarium
A form of prayer used by monks and clerics before setting out on a journey, and for that ...Ittenbach, Franz
Historical painter ; born at Königswinter, at the foot of the Drachenfels, in 1813; died at ...Iv 5
Iv 5
Ives, Levi Silliman
Born at Meriden, Connecticut, U.S.A. 16 September, 1797; d. at New York, 13 October, 1867. He ...Ives, Saint
(St. Yves) St. Ives, born at Kermartin, near Tréguier, Brittany, 17 October, 1253; died ...Ivo of Chartres, Saint
(YVO, YVES). One of the most notable bishops of France at the time of the Investiture ...Ivory
Ivory (French ivoire ; Italian avorio ; Latin ebur ), dentine, the tusks of the elephant, ...Ivrea, Diocese of
Suffragan of Turin, Northern Italy. The city is situated on the right bank of the Dora Baltea ...Ix 1
Ix 1
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Daily Readings
Daily Reading for Saturday October 20, 2018
Reading 1, Ephesians 1:15-23
Psalm, Psalms 8:2-3, 4-5, 6-7
Gospel, Luke 12:8-12
Saint of the Day
St. Paul of the Cross
October 20: St. Paul of the Cross was born at Ovada in the ... Read More
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