Ismael
(Septuagint 'Ismaél ; Vulgate Ismahel, in 1 Chronicles 1:28, 20, 31 ).
The son of Abraham and Agar, the Egyptian. His history is contained in parts of Gen., xvi-xxv, wherein three strata of Hebrew tradition (J, E, P) are usually distinguished by contemporary scholars. The name "Ismael", which occurs also in early Babylonian and in Minæan, was given to the child before its birth ( Genesis 16:11 ), and means: "may God hear". As Sarai, Abram's wife, was barren, she gave him, in accordance with the custom of the time, her handmaid, Agar, as concubine, in order to obtain children through her. Agar's conception of a child soon led to her flight into the wilderness, where the angel of Yahweh appeared to her, bade her to return to her mistress, and fixed the name and character of her future son. After her return to Bersabee, she brought forth Ismael to Abram, who was then eighty-six years old (xvi). Ismael was very dear to the aged patriarch, as is shown by his entreaty of God in Ismael's behalf, when the Almighty promised him a son through Sara. In answer to this earnest entreaty, God disclosed to Abraham the glorious future which awaited Ismael: "As for Ismael, I have also heard thee. Behold, I will bless him, and increase, and multiply him exceedingly: he shall beget twelve chiefs, and I will make him a great nation." Ismael was not the destined heir of the covenant; yet, as he belonged to Abraham's family, he was submitted to the rite of circumcision when the patriarch circumcised all the male members of his household. He was then a lad of thirteen (xvii). Abraham's tender love towards Ismael manifested itself on another occasion. He resented Sara's complaint to him, when, on the great festival given at the weaning of Isaac, she requested Agar's and Ismael's summary dismissal because she "had seen the son of Agar the Egyptian playing with [ or mocking] Isaac her son". Ismael was Abraham's own "son", and indeed his first- born. At this juncture, God directed Abraham to accede to Sara's request, comforting him with the repeated assurance of future national greatness for Ismael. Whereupon the patriarch dismissed Agar and Ismael with a modicum of provision for their journey. As their scanty provision of water was soon exhausted, Ismael would have certainly perished in the wilderness, had not God shown to Agar a well of water which enabled her to revive the dying lad.
According to God's repeated promise of future greatness for Agar's son, Ismael grew up, lived in the wilderness of Paran, became famous as an archer, and married an Egyptian wife (xxi, 8-21). He became the father of twelve chiefs, whose names and general quarters are given in Gen., xxv, 12-16. Only one daughter of Ismael is mentioned in Holy Writ , where she is spoken of as one of Esau's wives (cf. Genesis 28:9 ; 36:3 ). The last incident known of Ismael's career is connected with Abraham's burial, in which he appears associated with Isaac (xxv, 9). Ismael died at the age of one hundred and thirty-seven, "and was gathered unto his people" (xxv, 17).
In his Epistle to the Galatians (4:21, sqq.)St. Paul expands allegorically the narrative of Ismael and Isaac, urging upon his readers the duty of not giving up their Christian freedom from the bondage of the Law. Of course, in so arguing, the Apostle of the Gentiles did not intend to detract in any way from the historical character of the narrative in Genesis. With regard to the various difficulties, literary and historical, suggested by a close study of the Biblical account of Ismael's life, suffice it to say that each and all will never cause a careful and unbiased scholar to regard that account otherwise than as portraying an ancient historical character, will never induce him to treat otherwise than as hypercritical every attempt, by whomsoever made, to resolve Ismael into a conjectural personality of the founder of a group of Arabic tribes. And this view of the matter will appear most certain to any one who compares the Biblical narrative with the legends concerning Ismael which are embodied in the Talmud, the Targum, and the other rabbinical works; while the latter are plainly the result of puerile imagination, the former is decidedly the description of an ancient historical figure.
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Ig 8
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IH 1
IHS
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Il 11
Ildephonsus, Saint
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In 91
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( Latin thus , Gr. thumiama ), an aromatic substance which is obtained from certain resinous ...Incest
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( Latin Indultum , found in Roman Law, bk. I, Cod. Theodos. 3, 10. and 4, 15: V, 15, 2; ...Ine, Saint
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In general , exemption or immunity from liability to error or failure; in particular in ...Infamy
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(Michelangelo Dei Conti) Born at Rome, 13 May, 1655; died at the same place, 7 March, 1724. ...Innsbruck University
Innsbruck University, officially the ROYAL IMPERIAL LEOPOLD FRANCIS UNIVERSITY IN INNSBRUCK, ...Inquisition
( Latin inquirere , to look to). By this term is usually meant a special ecclesiastical ...Inquisition, Canonical
Canonical Inquisition is either extra-judicial or judicial: the former might be likened to a ...Insane, Asylums and Care for the
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries hospital care of the sick of all kinds and ...Insanity
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Inscriptions of Christian origin form, as non-literary remains, a valuable source of information ...Inspiration of the Bible
The subject will be treated in this article under the four heads: I. Belief in Inspired books; ...Installation
( Latin installare , to put into a stall). This word, strictly speaking, applies to the ...Instinct
DEFINITIONS In both popular and scientific literature the term instinct has been given such a ...Institute of Mary
The official title of the second congregation founded by Mary Ward. Under this title Barbara ...Institute of Mission Helpers of the Sacred Heart
In the autumn of 1888, there came to Baltimore, Maryland, a convert, Mrs. Hartwell, who previous ...Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Irish
Founded by Frances Mary Teresa Ball , under the direction and episcopal jurisdiction of the ...Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools
NATURE AND OBJECT The Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools is a society of male ...Institutes, Roman Historical
Collegiate bodies established at Rome by ecclesiastical or civil authority for the purpose of ...Institution, Canonical
(Latin institutio , from instituere , to establish) In its widest signification, Canonical ...Intellect
(Latin intelligere -- inter and legere -- to choose between, to discern; Greek nous ; ...Intendencia Oriental y Llanos de San Martín
Vicariate Apostolic in the province of Saint Martin, Colombia, South America, created 24 March, ...Intention
( Latin intendere, to stretch toward, to aim at) is an act of the will by which that faculty ...Intercession
To intercede is to go or come between two parties, to plead before one of them on behalf of the ...Intercession, Episcopal
The right to intercede for criminals, which was granted by the secular power to the bishops ...Interdict
(Latin interdictum , from inter and dicere ). Originally in Roman law, an ...Interest (in Economics)
Notion of interest Interest is a value exacted or promised over and above the restitution of a ...Interest (in Psychology)
( Latin interest; Fr. intérêt; Germ. interesse ). The mental state called ...Interims
( Latin interim , meanwhile.) Interims are temporary settlements in matters of religion, ...Internuncio
( Latin inter , between; nuntius , messenger.) The name given in the Roman Curia to a ...Introduction, Biblical
A technical name which is usually applied to two distinct, but intimately connected, things. ...Introit
The Introit ( Introitus ) of the Mass is the fragment of a psalm with its antiphon sung while ...Intrusion
(Latin intrudere .) Intrusion is the act by which unlawful possession of an ecclesiastical ...Intuition
Intuition (Latin intueri , to look into) is a psychological and philosophical term which ...Inventory of Church Property
By inventory ( Latin inventarium ) is meant a descriptive list in which are enumerated ...Investiture, Canonical
( Latin investitura , from investire , to clothe.) Canonical Investiture is the act by ...Investitures, Conflict of
( German Investiturstreit .) The terminus technicus for the great struggle between the ...Invincible Armada, The
The Spanish Armada, also called the Invincible Armada ( infra ), and more correctly La Armada ...Invitatorium
The Invitatorium, as the word implies, is the invitation addressed to the faithful to come and ...Io 5
Io 5
Iona, School of
Iona is the modern name derived by change of letter from Adamnan's Ioua ; in Bede it is Hii ...Ionian Islands
A group of seven islands (whence the name Heptanesus, by which they are also designated) and a ...Ionian School of Philosophy
The Ionian School includes the earliest Greek philosophers, who lived at Miletus, an Ionian ...Ionopolis
A titular see in the province of Paphlagonia, suffragan of Gangres. The city was founded by a ...Iowa
Iowa is one of the North Central States of the American Union, and is about midway between the ...Ip 3
Ip 3
Ipolyi, Arnold
( Family name originally STUMMER) Bishop of Grosswardein (Nagy-Várad), b. at ...Ippolito Galantini, Blessed
Founder of the Congregation of Christian Doctrine of Florence; b. at Florence of obscure ...Ipsus
A titular see of Phrygia Salutaris, suffragan of Synnada. The locality was famous as the scene ...Ir 16
Ir 16
Ireland
GEOGRAPHY Ireland lies in the Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain, from which it is separated ...Ireland, Ven. William
( Alias Ironmonger.) Jesuit martyr, born in Lincolnshire, 1636; executed at Tyburn, 24 Jan. ...Irenaeus, Saint
Bishop of Lyons, and Father of the Church. Information as to his life is scarce, and in some ...Irene, Sister
(Catherine FitzGibbon.) Born in London, England, 12 May, 1823; died in New York, 14 August, ...Irenopolis
A titular see of Isauria, suffragan of Seleucia. Five of its bishops are known: John (325), ...Iriarte, Ignacio de
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Towards the close of the sixteenth century, Gregory XIII had sanctioned the foundation of an ...Irish Colleges, on the Continent
The religious persecution under Elizabeth and James I lead to the suppression of the monastic ...Irish Confessors and Martyrs
General survey The period covered by this article embraces that between the years 1540 and ...Irish Literature
It is uncertain at what period and in what manner the Irish discovered the use of letters. It may ...Irish, The, (in countries other than Ireland)
I. IN THE UNITED STATES Who were the first Irish to land on the American continent and the ...Irnerius
(GARNERIUS) An Italian jurist and founder of the School of Glossators, b. at Bologna about ...Iroquois
A noted confederacy of five, and afterwards six, cognate tribes of Iroquoian stock, and closely ...Irregularity
(Latin in , not, and regula , rule, i. e. not according to rule) A canonical impediment ...Irremovability
( Latin in , not, and removere , to remove) A quality of certain ecclesiastical ...Irvingites
A religious sect called after Edward Irving (1792-1834), a deposed Presbyterian minister. They ...Is 27
Is 27
Isaac
The son of Abraham and Sara. The incidents of his life are told in Genesis 15-35, in a ...Isaac Jogues, Saint
French missionary, born at Orléans, France, 10 January, 1607; martyred at Ossernenon, ...Isaac of Armenia
(SAHAK) Catholicos or Patriarch of Armenia (338-439), otherwise known as ISAAC THE GREAT ...Isaac of Nineveh
A Nestorian bishop of that city in the latter half of the seventh century, being consecrated ...Isaac of Seleucia
Patriarch of the Persian Church, d. 410. Isaac is celebrated among the patriarchs of the ...Isabel of France, Saint
Daughter of Louis VIII and of his wife, Blanche of Castille, born in March, 1225; died at ...Isabella I
("LA CATÓLICA" = "THE CATHOLIC") Queen of Castile ; born in the town of Madrigal de ...Isaias
Among the writers whom the Hebrew Bible styles the "Latter Prophets" foremost stands "Isaias, the ...Isaura
Titular see in the Province of Lycaonia, suffragan of Iconium. Isaura, the capital of the ...Ischia
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(Diocese of Isernia and Venafro). Isernia is a city in the province of Campobasso in Molise ...Ishmael
(Septuagint 'Ismaél ; Vulgate Ismahel, in 1 Chronicles 1:28, 20, 31 ). The son of ...Isidore of Pelusium, Saint
Born at Alexandria in the latter half of the fourth century; d. not later than 449-50. He is ...Isidore of Seville, Saint
Born at Cartagena, Spain, about 560; died 4 April, 636. Isidore was the son of Severianus and ...Isidore of Thessalonica
Cardinal and sometime Metropolitan of Kiev or Moscow, b. at Thessalonica (Saloniki) towards ...Isidore the Labourer, Saint
A Spanish daylabourer; b. near Madrid, about the year 1070; d. 15 May, 1130, at the same place. ...Isionda
A titular see in the province of Pamphylia Secunda; it was a suffragan of Perge. Artemidorus, ...Isla, José Francisco de
Spanish preacher and satirist, b. at Villavidantes (Kingdom of Leon ), 24 March, 1703; d. at ...Islam (Concept)
Islam , an Arabic word which, since Mohammed's time, has acquired a religious and technical ...Islam (Religion)
I. THE FOUNDER Mohammed, "the Praised One", the prophet of Islam and the founder of ...Isleta Pueblo
The name of two pueblos of the ancient Tigua tribe, of remote Shoshoncan stock. The older and ...Islip, Simon
An Archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Islip, near Oxford; d. at Mayfield, Sussex, 26 April, 1366. ...Ismael
(Septuagint 'Ismaél ; Vulgate Ismahel, in 1 Chronicles 1:28, 20, 31 ). The son of ...Ispahan
A Catholic Armenian Latin see. Under the name of Aspandana it was once one of the principal towns ...Israelites
The word designates the descendants of the Patriarch Jacob, or Israel. It corresponds to the ...Issachar
The exact derivation and the precise meaning of the name are unknown. It designates, first, the ...Issus
A titular see of Cilicia Prima, suffragan of Tarsus. The city is famous for a whole series of ...It 9
It 9
Ita, Saint
Saint Ita, called the "Brigid of Munster"; b. in the present County of Waterford, about 475; d. 15 ...Italian Literature
Origins and Development The modern language of Italy is naturally derived from Latin, a ...Italians in the United States
Christopher Columbus, an Italian, was the leader of those who in succeeding centuries were led by ...Italo-Greeks
The name applied to the Greeks in Italy who observe the Byzantine Rite. They embrace three ...Italy
In ancient times Italy had several other names: it was called Saturnia, in honour of Saturn; ...Ite Missa Est
This is the versicle chanted in the Roman Rite by the deacon at the end of Mass, after the ...Itineraria
(MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN GUIDE-BOOKS: Latin iter , gen. itineris , journey) Under this term are ...Itinerarium
A form of prayer used by monks and clerics before setting out on a journey, and for that ...Ittenbach, Franz
Historical painter ; born at Königswinter, at the foot of the Drachenfels, in 1813; died at ...Iv 5
Iv 5
Ives, Levi Silliman
Born at Meriden, Connecticut, U.S.A. 16 September, 1797; d. at New York, 13 October, 1867. He ...Ives, Saint
(St. Yves) St. Ives, born at Kermartin, near Tréguier, Brittany, 17 October, 1253; died ...Ivo of Chartres, Saint
(YVO, YVES). One of the most notable bishops of France at the time of the Investiture ...Ivory
Ivory (French ivoire ; Italian avorio ; Latin ebur ), dentine, the tusks of the elephant, ...Ivrea, Diocese of
Suffragan of Turin, Northern Italy. The city is situated on the right bank of the Dora Baltea ...Ix 1
Ix 1
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Reading 1, James 3:13-18
Psalm, Psalms 19:8, 9, 10, 15
Gospel, Mark 9:14-29
Saint of the Day
St. Eugene de Mazenod
May 21: Eugene de Mazenod was born on August 1, 1782, at ... Read More
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