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Robert Aske

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An English gentleman, and nominal leader of the 30,000 Northern Catholics who rose in defence of the monasteries at the time of their dissolution by Henry VIII (1536). Among their requests was the suppression of Lutheran heretical books, the punishment of heretical bishops and of the king's evil advisers, the recall of his anti-ecclesiastical legislation, the prosecution of his "visitors", Lee and Layton, and the holding of a parliament in the North. Alarmed at the size of the insurrection, the king offered an unlimited pardon and promised to redress their grievances in a parliament at York. Thereupon Aske disbanded his army, which, however, was soon again in the field, when it was seen that the king would not redeem his promises. The insurgents were defeated by the Duke of Norfolk in their attempts to seize Hull and Carlisle. Most of the leaders were taken and hanged by scores; Aske was executed at York in June, 1537.

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Article
Râle, Sebastian Sebastian Rale (Rasle) Missionary, martyr, b. at Pontarlier, Diocese of Besançoison, 20 Jan., 1654 (?); shot by ...
Räss, Andreas Andreas Rass Bishop of Strasburg, b. at Sigolsheim in upper Alsace, 6 April, 1794; d. at Strasburg, 17 ...
Régis, Jean-Baptiste Jean-Baptiste Regis Born at Istres, Provence, 11 June, 1663, or 29 Jan., 1664; died at Peking, 24 Nov., 1738. He was ...
Régis, Pierre Sylvain Pierre Sylvain Regis Born at La Salvetat de Blanquefort, near Agen, in 1632; died in Paris, in 1707. After his ...
Rabanus, Blessed Maurus Magnentius Blessed Maurus Magnentius Rabanus ( Also Hrabanus, Reabanus). Abbot of Fulda, Archbishop of Mainz, celebrated theological ...
Rabbi and Rabbinism Rabbi and Rabbinism The special condition which prevailed in Palestine after the Restoration led to the gradually ...
Rabbulas Rabbulas Bishop of Edessa and, in the later years of his life, one of the foremost opponents of ...
Rabelais, François Francois Rabelais The life of this celebrated French writer is full of obscurities. He was born at Chinon in ...
Raccolta Raccolta ( Italian "a collection") A book containing prayers and pious exercises to which the popes ...
Race, Human Human Race Mankind exhibits differences which have been variously interpreted. Some consider them so great ...
Race, Negro Negro Race The term negro , derived from the Spanish and the Latin words meaning "black" ( negro; niger ...
Rachel Rachel Rachel ("a ewe"), daughter of Laban and younger sister of Lia. The journey of Jacob to the ...
Racine, Jean Jean Racine Dramatist, b. a La Ferté-Milon, in the old Duchy of Valois, 20 Dec., 1639; d. in Paris, ...
Rader, Matthew Matthew Rader Philologist and historian, born at Innichen in the Tyrol in 1561; died at Munich, 22 December, ...
Radewyns, Florens Florens Radewyns Co-founder of the Brethren of the Common Life , b. at Leyderdam, near Utrecht, about 1350; d. at ...
Radowitz, Joseph Maria von Joseph Maria von Radowitz Born at Blankenburg, 6 February, 1797; died at Berlin, 25 December, 1853. Radowitz was of ...
Radulph of Rivo Radulph of Rivo (or OF TONGRES; RADULPH VAN DER BEEKE) An historian and liturgist, born at Breda, in Dutch ...
Raffeix, Pierre Pierre Raffeix Missionary, born at Clermont, 1633; died at Quebec, 1724. He entered the Society of Jesus in ...
Ragueneau, Paul Paul Ragueneau Jesuit missionary, b. in Paris, 18 March, 1608; d. 8 Sept., 1680. He entered the Society in ...
Ragusa Ragusa DIOCESE OF RAGUSA (EPIDAURUS; RAGUSINA). A bishopric in Dalmatia, suffragan of Zara. The ...
Raich, Johann Michael Johann Michael Raich Catholic theologian, born at Ottobeuren in Bavaria, 17 January, 1832; died at Mainz, 28 March, ...
Rail, Altar Altar Rail The railing which guards the sanctuary and separates the latter from the body of the church. It ...
Raimondi, Marcantonio Marcantonio Raimondi Engraver, b. at Bologna, 1475 (1480?); d. there, 1530 (1534?). He studied under the goldsmith and ...
Rainald of Dassel Rainald of Dassel Born probably not before 1115; died in Italy, 14 August, 1167. A younger son of a rich Saxon ...
Rajpootana Rajpootana Prefecture Apostolic in India, attached to the Province of Agra, comprises approximately the ...
Ralph Crockett, Venerable Ven. Ralph Crockett English martyr, b. at Barton, near Farndon, Cheshire; executed at Chichester, 1 October, 1588. ...
Ralph Milner, Venerable Venerable Ralph Milner Layman and martyr, born at Flacsted, Hants, England, early in the sixteenth century; suffered ...
Ralph Sherwin, Blessed Bl. Ralph Sherwin English martyr, born 1550 at Rodesley, near Longford, Derbyshire; died at Tyburn, 1 December, ...
Ram, Pierre François Xavier de Pierre Francois Xavier de Ram Born at Louvain 2 Sept., 1804; died there 14 May, 1865; Belgian historian and rector of the ...
Ramatha Ramatha A titular see in Palestine, suppressed in 1884 by the Roman Curia . It was never an episcopal ...
Rambler, The The Rambler A Catholic periodical (not of course to be confused with the older "Rambler", published a ...
Rameau, Jean-Philippe Jean-Philippe Rameau Musician, b. at Dijon, Burgundy, 25 Sept., 1683; d. at Paris, 12 Sept., 1764. His father, ...
Ramsey Abbey Ramsey Abbey Ramsey Abbey, Huntingdonshire, England, was founded by Ailwine (Ethelwine, Egelwine), a Saxon ...
Ramus, Peter Peter Ramus (PIERRE DE LA RAMÉE) Humanist and logician, b. at Cuth in Picardy, 1515; d. in Paris, ...
Rancé, Jean-Armand le Bouthillier de Jean-Armand Le Bouthillier de Rance Abbot and reformer of Notre Dame de la Trappe, second son of Denis Bouthillier, Lord of ...
Randall, James Ryder James Ryder Randall Journalist and poet, b. 1 Jan., 1839, at Baltimore, Maryland ; d. 15 Jan., 1908 at Augusta, ...
Ransom, Feast of Our Lady of Feast of Our Lady of Ransom 24 September, a double major, commemorates the foundation of the Mercedarians. On 10 August, ...
Raphael Raphael (1483-1520) The most famous name in the history of painting, b. at Urbino, 6 April (or 28 March), 1483; d. at ...
Raphael, Saint St. Raphael the Archangel The name of this archangel ( Raphael = " God has healed") does not appear in the Hebrew ...
Raphoe Raphoe Diocese of Raphoe (Rapotensis) Comprises the greater part of the Co. Donegal (Gael. Tirconail ...
Rapin, René Rene Rapin French Jesuit, born at Tours, 1621; died in Paris, 1687. He entered the Society in 1639, taught ...
Raskolniks Raskolniks (Russian raskolnik , a schismatic, a dissenter; from raskol , schism, splitting; that in ...
Rathborne, Joseph Joseph Rathborne Priest and controversialist (sometimes erroneously called RATHBONE), born at Lincoln, 11 May, ...
Ratherius of Verona Ratherius of Verona He was born about 887; died at Namur 25 April, 974. He belonged to a noble family which lived in ...
Ratio Studiorum Ratio Studiorum The term "Ratio Studiorum" is commonly used to designate the educational system of the Jesuits ; ...
Rationale Rationale Rational, an episcopal humeral, a counterpart of the pallium, and like it worn over the chasuble. ...
Rationalism Rationalism (Latin, ratio -- reason, the faculty of the mind which forms the ground of calculation, i.e. ...
Ratisbon Ratisbon DIOCESE OF RATISBON (RATISBONENSIS), also called REGENSBURG. Suffragan of Munich-Freising. It ...
Ratisbonne, Maria Alphonse Maria Alphonse Ratisbonne A converted Jew, born at Strasburg on 1 May, 1814; died at Ain Karim near Jerusalem, on 6 May, ...
Ratisbonne, Maria Theodor Maria Theodor Ratisbonne A distinguished preacher and writer, and director of the Archconfraternity of Christian Mothers, ...
Ratramnus Ratramnus (Rathramnus) A Benedictine monk at the Abbey of Corbie, in the present Department of Somme, ...
Ratzeburg, Ancient See of Ratzeburg (RACEBURGUM, RACEBURGENSIS.) In Germany, suffragan to Hamburg. The diocese embraced the ...
Ratzinger, Georg Georg Ratzinger Political economist and social reformer, b. at Rickering, near Deggendorf, in lower Bavaria, 3 ...
Rauscher Joseph Othmar Rauscher Prince- Archbishop of Vienna, born at Vienna, 6 Oct., 1797; died there 24 Nov., 1875. He ...
Ravalli, Antonio Antonio Ravalli Missionary, b. in Italy, 1811; d. at St. Mary's, Montana, U. S. A., 2 Oct., 1884. He entered ...
Ravenna Ravenna Archdiocese of Ravenna (Ravennatensis) The city of Ravenna is the capital of a province in ...
Ravesteyn, Josse Josse Ravesteyn Born about 1506, at Tielt, a small town in Flanders, hence often called T ILETANUS (J ODACUS ...
Ravignan, Gustave Xavier Lacroix de Gustave Xavier Lacroix de Ravignan French Jesuit, orator, and author, b. at Bayonne (Basses-Pyrénées), 1 Dec. 1795; ...
Rawes, Henry Augustus Henry Augustus Rawes Oblate of St. Charles, hymn-writer and preacher, b. at Easington near Durham, England, 11 Dec., ...
Raymbault, Charles Charles Raymbault Missionary, b. in France, 1602; entered the Society of Jesus at Rouen (1621); d. at Quebec, ...
Raymond IV, of Saint-Gilles Raymond IV Count of Toulouse and of Tripoli, b. about 1043; d. at Tripoli in 1105. He was the son of ...
Raymond Lully Raymond Lully (RAMON LULL) "Doctor Illuminatus", philosopher, poet, and theologian, b. at Palma in Majorca, ...
Raymond Martini Raymond Martini Dominican, theologian, Orientalist, b. at Subirats, Catalonia, c. 1220; d. after July, 1284. In ...
Raymond Nonnatus, Saint St. Raymond Nonnatus (In Spanish SAN RAMON). Born 1200 or 1204 at Portello in the Diocese of Urgel in Catalonia ...
Raymond of Peñafort, Saint St. Raymond of Penafort Born at Villafranca de Benadis, near Barcelona, in 1175; died at Barcelona, 6 January, 1275. He ...
Raymond of Sabunde Raymond of Sabunde (SABONDE, SEBON, SEBEYDE, etc.) Born at Barcelona, Spain, towards the end of the fourteenth ...
Raymond VI Raymond VI Count of Toulouse, b. 1156; d. 1222; succeeded his father, Raymond V, in 1195. He was a ...
Raymond VII Raymond VII Count of Toulouse, son of Raymond VI, b. at Beaucaire, 1197; d. at Milhaud, 1249; had espoused a ...
Raynaldi, Odorico Odorico Raynaldi Oratorian, b. at Treviso in 1595; d. at Rome, 22 January, 1671. Of patrician birth, he studied ...
Raynaud, Théophile Theophile Raynaud Theologian and writer, b. at Sospello near Nice, 15 Nov., 1583; d. at Lyons, 31 Oct., 1663. He ...
Raynouard, Françpois-Juste-Marie Francois-Juste-Marie Raynouard A French poet, dramatist, and philologist, b. at Brignoles, Var, 8 September, 1761; d. at Passy, ...
Reading Abbey Reading Abbey Reading Abbey in Surrey, England, was founded by Henry I in 1121, who built it, writes ...
Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist The Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist In this article we shall consider: the fact of the Real Presence , which is, indeed, the central ...
Realism, Nominalism, Conceptualism Nominalism, Realism, Conceptualism These terms are used to designate the theories that have been proposed as solutions of one of the ...
Reason Reason GENERAL MEANINGS Both in ordinary life and in philosophical discussions the term reason is of ...
Reason, Age of Age of Reason The name given to that period of human life at which persons are deemed to begin to be morally ...
Recanati and Loreto Recanati and Loreto DIOCESE OF RECANATI AND LORETO (RECINETENSIS) Province of Ancona, Central Italy, so called ...
Rechab and the Rechabites Rechab and the Rechabites Rechab was the father of Jonadab who in 2 Kings 10:15-28 , appears as a fervent supporter of ...
Recollection Recollection Recollection, as understood in respect to the spiritual life, means attention to the presence of ...
Reconciliation, Sacrament of The Sacrament of Penance Penance is a sacrament of the New Law instituted by Christ in which forgiveness of sins ...
Rector Rector (From the Latin regere , to rule). Priests who preside over missions or quasi- parishes ...
Rector Potens, Verax Deus Rector Potens, Verax Deus The daily hymn for Sext in the Roman Breviary finds its theme in the great heat and light of ...
Recusants, English English Recusants The first statute in which the term "Popish Recusants" is used is 35 Eliz. c. 2, "An Act for ...
Red Sea Red Sea (Hebrew Yâm-Sûph; Septuagint ‘e ’eruthrà thálassa; ...
Redeemer, Feast of the Most Holy Feast of the Most Holy Redeemer The feast is found only in the special calendar of some dioceses and religious orders, and ...
Redeemer, Knights of the Knights of the Redeemer A secular community founded in 1608 by the Duke of Mentone, Vincent Gonzaga, on the occasion of ...
Redemption Redemption The restoration of man from the bondage of sin to the liberty of the children of God ...
Redemption in the Old Testament Redemption in the Old Testament Redemption means either strictly deliverance by payment of a price or ransom, or simply ...
Redemptions, Penitential Penitential Redemptions Penitential redemptions are the substitution of exercises (especially alms-deeds), either easier ...
Redemptoristines Redemptoristines The cradle of the Redemptoristines is Scala, not far from Amalfi, Italy. Father Thomas Falcoia, of ...
Redemptorists Redemptorists (CONGREGATION OF THE MOST HOLY REDEEMER) A society of missionary priests founded by St. ...
Redford, Sebastion Sebastian Redford Born 27 April, 1701; died 2 January, 1763. Educated at St. Omer , Watten, and Liège, ...
Redi, Francesco Francesco Redi Italian poet, b. at Arezzo, 18 February, 1626; d. at Pisa 1 March, 1698. After taking his ...
Reding, Augustine Augustine Reding Prince-Abbot of Einsiedeln and theological writer, born at Lichtensteig, Switzerland, 10 ...
Reductions of Paraguay Reductions of Paraguay The Jesuit Reductions of Paraguay, one of the most singular and beautiful creations of Catholic ...
Referendarii Referendarii The papal office of the referendarii (from refero , to inform) existed at the Byzantine ...
Reform of a Religious Order Reform of a Religious Order Reform of a Religious Order, in the true sense of the word, is a return or bringing back of the ...
Reformation, The The Reformation The usual term for the religious movement which made its appearance in Western Europe in the ...
Reformed Churches Reformed Churches The name given to Protestant bodies which adopted the tenets of Zwingli and, later, the ...
Refuge, Cities of Cities of Refuge Towns which according to the Jewish law enjoyed the right of asylum and to which anyone who had ...
Refuge, Sisters of Our Lady of Charity of the Sisters of Our Lady of Charity of the Refuge The Institute of Our Lady of Charity was founded (1641) by [St. Jean] Eudes, at Caen, Normandy, ...
Regale, Droit de Droit de Regale ( jus regaliœ, jus regale, jus deportus; German Regalienrecht ) Droit de Regale ...
Regalia Regalia According to the usage current in the British Isles the term regalia is almost always employed to ...
Regeneration Regeneration (Latin regeneratio ; Greek anagennesis and paliggenesia ). Regeneration is a ...
Regensburg Ratisbon DIOCESE OF RATISBON (RATISBONENSIS), also called REGENSBURG. Suffragan of Munich-Freising. It ...
Regesta, Papal Papal Regesta Papal Regesta are the copies, generally entered in special registry volumes, of the papal ...
Reggio dell' Emilia Reggio Dell' Emilia DIOCESE OF REGGIO DELL' EMILIA (REGINENSIS) Suffragan of Modena in central Italy. The city is ...
Reggio di Calabria Reggio di Calabria ARCHDIOCESE OF REGGIO DI CALABRIA (RHEGIENSIS). Archdiocese in Calabria, southern Italy. The ...
Regina Regina DIOCESE OF REGINA (REGINENSIS) A newly created (4 March, 1910) ecclesiastical division, ...
Regina Coeli Regina Coeli (Queen of Heaven) The opening words of the Eastertide anthem of the Blessed Virgin, the recitation of which is ...
Reginald of Piperno Reginald of Piperno Dominican, theologian, companion of St. Thomas Aquinas, b. at Piperno about 1230; d. about 1290. ...
Regino of Prüm Regino of Prum Date of birth unknown; d. at Trier in 915. According to the statements of a later era Regino was ...
Regionarii Regionarii The name given in later antiquity and the early Middle Ages to those clerics and officials of ...
Regis, John Francis, Saint St. John Francis Regis Born 31 January, 1597, in the village of Fontcouverte (department of Aude); died at la Louvesc, 30 ...
Registers, Parochial Parochial Registers One having the cure of souls is commanded by Divine precept to know his subjects (Conc. Trid., ...
Regnault, Henri Victor Henri Victor Regnault Chemist and physicist, b. at Aachen, 21 July, 1810; d. in Paris, 19 Jan., 1878. Being left an ...
Regulæ Juris Regulae Juris ("Rules of Law") General rules or principles serving chiefly for the interpretation of laws. ...
Regulars Regulars ( Latin regula, rule). The observance of the Rule of St. Benedict procured for the monks ...
Reichenau Reichenau Reichenau, called Augia Dives in medieval Latin manuscripts and possessing a once ...
Reichensperger, August August Reichensberger Politician and author, born at Coblenz, 22 March, 1808; died at Cologne, 16 July, 1895. He studied ...
Reichensperger, Peter Peter Reichensberger Jurist and parliamentarian, b. at Coblenz, 28 May, 1810; d. at Berlin, 31 December, 1892. He ...
Reifenstein Reifenstein A former Cistercian abbey in Eichsfeld, founded on 1 August, 1162 by Count Ernst of Tonna. It ...
Reiffenstuel, Johann Georg Johann Georg Reiffenstuel In religion A NACLETUS Theologian and canonist; b. at Kaltenbrunn (Tegernsee) 2 July, 1641; d. ...
Reims Reims ARCHDIOCESE OF REIMS (RHEMENSIS) The Archdiocese of Reims comprises the district of Reims in ...
Reims, Synods of Synods of Reims The first synod said to have been held at Reims by Archbishop Sonnatius between 624 and 630 ...
Reinmar of Hagenau Reinmar of Hagenau A German minnesinger of the twelfth century, surnamed in the manuscripts der Alte (the old) to ...
Reisach, Carl von Carl von Reisach Born at Roth, Bavaria, 7 July, 1800; died in the Redemptorist monastery of Contamine, France, ...
Reisch, Gregor Gregor Reisch Born at Balingen in Wurtemberg, about 1467; died at Freiburg, Baden, 9 May, 1525. In 1487 he ...
Relationship Relationship (CARNAL AND SPIRITUAL) The theologians understand by relationship in general a certain ...
Relatives, Duties of Duties of Relatives The general precept of charity obliging us to love our neighbour as ourselves is of course ...
Relativism Relativism Any doctrine which denies, universally or in regard to some restricted sphere of being, the ...
Relics Relics The word relics comes from the Latin reliquiae (the counterpart of the Greek leipsana ) ...
Religion Religion I. Derivation, Analysis, and Definition. II. Subjective Religion. III. Objective ...
Religion, Virtue of Virtue of Religion Of the three proposed derivations of the word "religion", that suggested by Lactantius and ...
Religions, Statistics of Statistics of Religions I. DEFINITION This study concerns itself with religious bodies, the number of their members, and ...
Religious Life Religious Life I. GENERAL VIEW AND EVANGELICAL IDEA OF THE RELIGIOUS LIFE A. GENERAL VIEW We all have within us ...
Religious Profession Religious Profession HISTORICAL VIEW Profession may be considered either as a declaration openly made, or as a state ...
Reliquaries Reliquaries It would follow of necessity from the data given in the article RELICS that ...
Remesiana Remesiana A titular see in Dacia Mediterranea, suffragan of Sardica. Remesiana is mentioned by the ...
Remigius of Auxerre Remigius of Auxerre A Benedictine monk, b. about the middle of the ninth century; d. 908. Remigius, or Remi, was a ...
Remigius, Saint Saint Remigius Apostle of the Franks, Archbishop of Reims, b. at Cerny or Laon, 437; d. at Reims, 13 January ...
Remiremont Remiremont Vosges, France, monastery and nunnery of the Rule of St. Benedict, founded by Sts. Romaricus ...
Remuzat, Ven. Anne-Madeleine Anne-Madeleine Remuzat Born at Marseilles, 29 Nov., 1696; died 15 Feb., 1730. At nine years of age she asked her parents ...
Remy, Abbey of Saint Abbey of Saint Remy Founded at Reims before 590. Its early history is very obscure; at first a little chapel ...
Renaissance, The The Renaissance The Renaissance may be considered in a general or a particular sense, as (1) the achievements of ...
Renaudot, Eusebius Eusebius Renaudot An apologetical writer and Orientalist, b. at Paris, 22 July, 1648; d. there, 1 Sept., 1720. He ...
Renaudot, Théophraste Theophraste Renaudot Born at Loudun, 1586; died at Paris, 25 October, 1653. Doctor of the medical faculty at ...
Reni, Guido Guido Reni Italian painter, b. at Calvenzano near Bologna, 4 Nov., 1575; d. at Bologna, 18 Aug. 1642. At one ...
Rennes Rennes (RHEDONENSIS) Rennes includes the Department of Ille et Vilaine. The Concordat of 1802 ...
Renty, Gaston Jean Baptiste de Gaston Jean Baptiste de Renty Born 1611 at the castle of Beni, Diocese of Bayeux in Normandy ; died 24 April, 1649. The only ...
Renunciation Renunciation ( Latin renuntiare ). A canonical term signifying the resignation of an ecclesiastical ...
Reordinations Reordinations I. STATE OF THE QUESTION The Oratorian Jean Morin , in the seventeenth century, and Cardinal ...
Reparation Reparation Reparation is a theological concept closely connected with those of atonement and satisfaction, ...
Repington, Philip Philip Repington ( Also Repyngdon). Cardinal-priest of the title of SS. Nereus and Achilleus, Bishop of ...
Repose, Altar of Altar of Repose (Sometimes called less properly sepulchre or tomb, more frequently repository). The altar ...
Reputation (as Property) Reputation (As Property) It is certain that a man is indefeasibly the owner of what he has been able to produce by his ...
Requiem, Masses of Requiem Masses Masses of Requiem will be treated under the following heads: I. Origins; II. Formulary ; III. ...
Rerum Crerator Optime Rerum Creator Optime The hymn for Matins of Wednesday in the Divine Office. It comprises four strophes of four ...
Rerum Deus Tenax Vigor Rerum Deus Tenax Vigor The daily hymn for None in the Roman Breviary, comprises (like the hymns for Terce and Sext ...
Rerum Novarum Rerum Novarum The opening words and the title of the Encyclical issued by Leo XIII, 15 May, 1891, on the ...
Rescripts, Papal Papal Rescripts ( Latin re-scribere , "to write back") Rescripts are responses of the pope or a Sacred ...
Reservation Reservation The restriction in certain cases by a superior of the jurisdiction ordinarily exercised by an ...
Reserved Cases Reserved Cases A term used for sins whose absolution is not within the power of every confessor, but is ...
Residence, Ecclesiastical Ecclesiastical Residence A remaining or abiding where one's duties lie or where one's occupation is properly carried on, ...
Respicius, Tryphon, and Nympha Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha Martyrs whose feast is observed in the Latin Church on 10 November. Tryphon is said to have ...
Respighi, Lorenzo Lorenzo Respighi Born at Cortemaggiore, Province of Piacenza, 7 October, 1824; died at Rome, 10 December, 1889. He ...
Responsorium Responsorium Responsory, or Respond, a series of verses and responses, usually taken from Holy Scripture and ...
Restitution Restitution Restitution has a special sense in moral theology. It signifies an act of commutative justice ...
Resurrection of Jesus Christ Resurrection of Jesus Christ Resurrection is the rising again from the dead, the resumption of life. In this article, we shall ...
Resurrection, General General Resurrection Resurrection is the rising again from the dead, the resumption of life. The Fourth Lateran ...
Rethel, Alfred Alfred Rethel Born at Aachen, 1816; died at Düsseldorf, 1859. He combined in a brilliant and forcible ...
Retreat of the Sacred Heart, Congregation of Retreat of the Sacred Heart (DAMES DE LA RETRAITE) Originally founded in 1678 under the name of the Institute of Retreat, ...
Retreats Retreats If we call a retreat a series of days passed in solitude and consecrated to practices of ...
Retz, Cardinal de Cardinal de Retz ARCHBISHOP OF PARIS Born at the Château of Montmirail, Oct., 1614; died in Paris, 24 ...
Reuben Ruben (Reuben) (REUBEN.) A proper name which designates in the Bible : (1) a patriarch; (II) a tribe of ...
Reuchlin, Johannes Johannes Reuchlin ( Græcized , Capnion). Celebrated German humanist, b. at Pforzheim, Baden, 22 ...
Reumont, Alfred von Alfred von Reumont Statesman and historian, b. at Aachen, 15 August, 1808; d. there, 27 April, 1887. After finishing ...
Reusens, Edmond Edmond Reusens Archeologist and historian, b. at Wijneghem (Antwerp), 25 April, 1831; d. at Louvain, 25 Dec., ...
Reuss Reuss Name of the two smallest states of the German Confederation, which lie almost in the centre of ...
Revelation Revelation I. MEANING OF REVELATION Revelation may be defined as the communication of some truth by God ...
Revelation, Book of Apocalypse Apocalypse, from the verb apokalypto , to reveal, is the name given to the last book in the ...
Revelations, Private Private Revelations There are two kinds of revelations: (1) universal revelations, which are contained in the Bible ...
Revocation Revocation The act of recalling or annulling, the reversal of an act, the recalling of a grant, or the making ...
Revolution, English English Revolution of 1688 James II, having reached the climax of his power after the successful suppression of Monmouth's ...
Revolution, French French Revolution The last thirty years have given us a new version of the history of the French Revolution, the ...
Rex Gloriose Martyrum Rex Gloriose Martyrum Rex Gloriose Martyrum, the hymn at Lauds in the Common of Martyrs (Commune plurimorum ...
Rex Sempiterne Cælitum Rex Sempiterne Caelitum The Roman Breviary hymn for Matins of Sundays and weekdays during the Paschal Time (from ...
Rey, Anthony Anthony Rey An educator and Mexican War chaplain, born at Lyons, 19 March, 1807; died near Ceralvo, Mexico, ...
Reynolds, William William Reynolds (RAINOLDS, RAYNOLDS, REGINALDUS) Born at Pinhorn near Exeter, about 1544; died at Antwerp, ...
Rhætia Rhaetia (RHÆTORUM). Prefecture Apostolic in Switzerland ; includes in general the district ...
Rhaphanæa Rhaphanaea A titular see in Syria Secunda, suffragan of Apamea. Rhaphanæa is mentioned in ancient ...
Rheinberger, Joseph Gabriel Joseph Gabriel Rheinberger A composer and organist, born at Vaduz, in the Principality of Lichtenstein, Bavaria, 17 March, ...
Rhenish Palatinate Rhenish Palatinate ( German Rheinpfalz ). A former German electorate. It derives its name from the title of a ...
Rhesæna Rhesaena A titular see in Osrhoene, suffragan of Edessa. Rhesæna (numerous variations of the name ...
Rhinocolura Rhinocolura A titular see in Augustamnica Prima, suffragan of Pelusium. Rhinocolura or Rhinocorura was a ...
Rhithymna Rhithymna (RHETHYMNA) A titular see of Crete, suffragan of Gortyna, mentioned by Ptolemy, III, 15, ...
Rhizus Rhizus ( Rizous .) A titular see of Pontus Polemoniacus suffragan of Neocæsarea, ...
Rho, Giacomo Giacomo Rho Missionary, born at Milan, 1593; died at Peking 27 April, 1638. He was the son of a noble and ...
Rhode Island Rhode Island The State of Rhode Island and xxyyyk.htm">Providence Plantations, one of the thirteen original ...
Rhodes Rhodes (RHODUS) A titular metropolitan of the Cyclades. It is an island opposite to Lycia and ...
Rhodes, Alexandre De Alexandre de Rhodes A missionary and author, born at Avignon, 15 March, 1591; died at Ispahan, Persia, 5 Nov., 1660. ...
Rhodesia Rhodesia A British possession in South Africa, bounded on the north and north-west by the Congo Free ...
Rhodiopolis Rhodiopolis A titular see of Lycia, suffragan of Myra, called Rhodia by Ptolemy (V, 3) and Stephanus ...
Rhodo Rhodo A Christian writer who flourished in the time of Commodus (180-92); he was a native of Asia ...
Rhosus Rhosus A titular see in Cilicia Secunda, suffragan to Anazarba. Rhosus or Rhossus was a seaport ...
Rhymed Bibles Rhymed Bibles The rhymed versions of the Bible are almost entirely collections of the psalms. The oldest ...
Rhythmical Office Rhythmical Office I. DESCRIPTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND DIVISION By rhythmical office is meant a liturgical horary ...
Ribadeneira, Pedro de Pedro de Ribadeneira (Or RIBADENEYRA and among Spaniards often RIVADENEIRA) Pedro De Ribadeneira was born at ...
Ribas, Andrés Pérez De Andres Perez de Ribas A pioneer missionary, historian of north-western Mexico; born at Cordova, Spain, 1576; died in ...
Ribe, Ancient See of, in Denmark (Jutland) Ancient See of Ribe in Denmark (Jutland) (RIPAE, RIPENSIS.) The diocese (29 deaneries, 278 parishes ) consisted of the modern ...
Ribeirao Preto Preto Ribeirao (DE RIBERAO PRETO) A suffragan see of the Archdiocese of São Paulo , Brazil, ...
Ribera, Jusepe de Jusepe de Ribera Called also SPAGNOLETTO, L'ESPAGNOLET (the little Spaniard) Painter born at Jativa, 12 Jan., ...
Ricardus Anglicus Ricardus Anglicus Ricardus Anglicus, Archdeacon of Bologna, was an English priest who was rector of the law ...
Riccardi, Nicholas Nicholas Riccardi A theologian, writer and preacher; born at Genoa, 1585; died at Rome, 30 May, 1639. Physically ...
Ricci, Lorenzo Lorenzo Ricci General of the Society of Jesus b. at Florence, 2 Aug., 1703; d. at the Castle of Sant' Angelo, ...
Ricci, Matteo Matteo Ricci Founder of the Catholic missions of China, b. at Macerata in the Papal States, 6 Oct. 1552; ...
Riccioli, Giovanni Battista Giovanni Battista Riccioli Italian astronomer, b. at Ferrara 17 April, 1598; d. at Bologna 25 June, 1671. He entered the ...
Rice, Edmund Ignatius Edmund Ignatius Rice Founder of the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools (better known as "Irish ...
Rich, St. Edmund St. Edmund Rich Archbishop of Canterbury, England, born 20 November, c. 1180, at Abingdon, six miles from ...
Richard Richard (Franciscan Preacher) A Friar minor and preacher, appearing in history between 1428 and 1431, whose origin and ...
Richard de Bury Richard de Bury Bishop and bibliophile, b. near Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk, England, 24 Jan., 1286; d. at ...
Richard de la Vergne, François-Marie-Benjamin Francois-Marie-Benjamin Richard de la Vergne Archbishop of Paris, born at Nantes, 1 March, 1819; died in Paris, 28 January, 1908. ...
Richard de Wyche, Saint St. Richard de Wyche Bishop and confessor, b. about 1197 at Droitwich, Worcestershire, from which his surname is ...
Richard Fetherston, Blessed Bl. Richard Fetherston Priest and martyr ; died at Smithfield, 30 July, 1540. He was chaplain to Catharine of Aragon ...
Richard I, King Of England Richard I, King of England Richard I, born at Oxford, 6 Sept, 1157; died at Chaluz, France, 6 April, 1199; was known to ...
Richard of Cirencester Richard of Cirencester Chronicler, d. about 1400. He was the compiler of a chronicle from 447 to 1066, entitled "Speculum ...
Richard of Cornwall Richard of Cornwall (RICHARD RUFUS, RUYS, ROSSO, ROWSE). The dates of his birth and death are unknown, but he ...
Richard of Middletown Richard of Middletown (A MEDIA VILLA). Flourished at the end of the thirteenth century, but the dates of his birth ...
Richard of St. Victor Richard of St. Victor Theologian, native of Scotland, but the date and place of his birth are unknown; d. 1173 and ...
Richard Thirkeld, Blessed Blessed Richard Thirkeld Martyr ; b. at Coniscliffe, Durham, England ; d. at York, 29 May, 1583. From Queen's College, ...
Richard Whiting, Blessed Blessed Richard Whiting Last Abbot of Glastonbury and martyr, parentage and date of birth unknown, executed 15 Nov., ...
Richard, Charles-Louis Charles-Louis Richard Theologian and publicist; b. at Blainville-sur-l'Eau, in Lorraine, April, 1711; d. at Mons, ...
Richardson, Ven. William Ven. William Richardson ( Alias Anderson.) Last martyr under Queen Elizabeth; b. according to Challoner at Vales in ...
Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, Duke de Cardinal Richelieu Cardinal ; French statesman, b. in Paris, 5 September, 1585; d. there 4 December 1642. At first ...
Richmond, Diocese of Richmond (RICHMONDENSIS.) Suffragan of Baltimore, established 11 July, 1820, comprises the State of ...
Ricoldo da Monte di Croce Ricoldo Da Monte di Croce (PENNINI.) Born at Florence about 1243; d. there 31 October, 1320. After studying in various ...
Riemenschneider, Tillmann Riemenschneider One of the most important of Frankish sculptors, b. at Osterode am Harz in or after 1460; d. at ...
Rienzi, Cola di Cola di Rienzi (i.e., NICOLA, son of Lorenzo) A popular tribune and extraordinary historical figure. His ...
Rieti Rieti (REATINA). Diocese in Central Italy, immediately subject to the Holy See. The city is ...
Rievaulx, Abbey of Abbey of Rievaulx (RIEVALL.) Thurston, Archbishop of York, was very anxious to have a monastery of the newly ...
Riffel, Caspar Caspar Riffel Historian, b. at Budesheim, Bingen, Germany, 19 Jan., 1807, d. at Mainz, 15 Dec., 1856. He ...
Rigby, John, Saint St. John Rigby English martyr ; b. about 1570 at Harrocks Hall, Eccleston, Lancashire; executed at St. Thomas ...
Rigby, Nicholas Nicholas Rigby Born 1800 at Walton near Preston, Lancashire; died at Ugthorpe, 7 September, 1886. At twelve years ...
Right Right Right, as a substantive (my right, his right), designates the object of justice. When a person ...
Right of Exclusion Right of Exclusion (Latin Jus Exclusivæ . The alleged competence of the more important Catholic ...
Right of Option Right of Option In canon law an option is a way of obtaining a benefice or a title, by the choice of the new ...
Right of Voluntary Association Right of Voluntary Association I. LEGAL RIGHT A voluntary association means any group of individuals freely united for the ...
Rimbert, Saint St. Rimbert Archbishop of Bremen - Hamburg, died at Bremen 11 June, 888. It is uncertain whether he was ...
Rimini Rimini DIOCESE OF RIMINI (ARIMINUM). Suffragan of Ravenna. Rimini is situated near the coast between ...
Rimini, Council of Council of Rimini The second Formula of Sirmium (357) stated the doctrine of the Anomoeans, or extreme Arians. ...
Rimouski Rimouski DIOCESE OF RIMOUSKI (SANCTI GERMANI DE RIMOUSKI) Suffragan of Quebec, comprises the counties of ...
Ring of the Fisherman, The The Ring of Fisherman The earliest mention of the Fisherman's ring worn by the popes is in a letter of Clement IV ...
Rings Rings Although the surviving ancient rings, proved by their devices, provenance, etc., to be of ...
Rinuccini, Giovanni Battista Giovanni Battista Rinuccini Born at Rome, 1592; d. at Fermo, 1653; was the son of a Florentine patrician, his mother being a ...
Rio Negro Rio Negro Prefecture Apostolic in Brazil, bounded on the south by a line running westwards from the ...
Rio, Alexis-François Alexis-Francois Rio French writer on art, b. on the Island of Arz, Department of Morbihan, 20 May, 1797; d. 17 June, ...
Riobamba Riobamba Diocese of (Bolivarensis), suffragan of Quito, Ecuador, erected by Pius IX, 5 January, 1863. ...
Rioja, Francisco de Francisco de Rioja A poet, born at Seville, 1583; died at Madrid, 1659. Rioja was a canon in the cathedral at ...
Ripalda, Juan Martínez de Juan Martinez de Ripalda Theologian, b. at Pamplona, Navarre, 1594; d. at Madrid, 26 April, 1648. He entered the Society ...
Ripatransone Ripatransone (RIPANENSIS). Diocese in Ascoli Piceno, Central Italy. The city is situated on five hills, ...
Ripon, Marquess of Marquess of Ripon George Frederick Samuel Robinson, K.G., P.C., G.C.S.I., F.R.S., Earl de Grey, Earl of Ripon, ...
Risby, Richard Richard Risby Born in the parish of St. Lawrence, Reading, 1489; executed at Tyburn, London, 20 April, 1534. ...
Rishanger, William William Rishanger Chronicler, b. at Rishangles, Suffolk, about ú d. after 1312. He became a Benedictine at ...
Rishton, Edward Edward Rishton Born in Lancashire, 1550; died at Sainte-Ménehould, Lorraine, 29 June, 1585. He was ...
Rita of Cascia, Saint St. Rita of Cascia Born at Rocca Porena in the Diocese of Spoleto , 1386; died at the Augustinian convent of ...
Rites Rites I. NAME AND DEFINITION Ritus in classical Latin in means primarily, the form and manner of any ...
Rites in the United States Rites in the United States Since immigration from the eastern portion of Europe and from Asia and Africa set in with ...
Ritschlianism Ritschlianism Ritschlianism is a peculiar conception of the nature and scope of Christianity, widely held in ...
Ritter, Joseph Ignatius Joseph Ignatius Ritter Historian, b. at Schweinitz, Silesia, 12 April, 1787; d. at Breslau, 5 Jan., 1857. He pursued his ...
Ritual Ritual The Ritual ( Rituale Romanum ) is one of the official books of the Roman Rite. It contains all ...
Ritualists Ritualists The word "Ritualists" is the term now most commonly employed to denote that advanced section of ...
Rivington, Luke Luke Rivington Born in London, May, 1838; died in London, 30 May, 1899; fourth son of Francis Rivington, a ...
Rizal, José Mercado Jose Mercado Rizal Filipino hero, physician, poet, novelist, and sculptor ; b. at Calamba, Province of La Laguna, ...
Robbers, Seven Seven Robbers (Septem Latrones), martyrs on the Island of Corcyra (Corfu) in the second century. Their ...
Robbia, Andrea della Andrea Della Robbia Nephew, pupil, assistant, and sharer of Luca's secrets, b. at Florence, 1431; d. 1528. It is ...
Robbia, Lucia di Simone Lucia di Simone Robbia Sculptor, b. at Florence, 1400; d. 1481. He is believed to have studied design with a goldsmith, ...
Robert Bellarmine, Saint St. Robert Bellarmine (Also, "Bellarmino"). A distinguished Jesuit theologian, writer, and cardinal, born at ...
Robert Johnson, Blessed Bl. Robert Johnson Born in Shropshire, entered the German College, Rome, 1 October, 1571. Ordained priest at ...
Robert of Arbrissel Robert of Arbrissel Itinerant preacher, founder of Fontevrault, b. c. 1047 at Arbrissel (now Arbressec) near ...
Robert of Courçon Robert of Courcon (DE CURSONE, DE CURSIM, CURSUS, ETC.). Cardinal, born at Kedleston, England ; died at ...
Robert of Geneva Robert of Geneva Antipope under the name of Clement VII, b. at Geneva, 1342; d. at Avignon, 16 Sept., 1394. He ...
Robert of Jumièges Robert of Jumieges Archbishop of Canterbury (1051-2). Robert Champart was a Norman monk of St. Ouen at Rouen ...
Robert of Luzarches Robert of Luzarches (LUS). Born at Luzarches near Pontoise towards the end of the twelfth century; is said to have ...
Robert of Melun Robert of Melun (DE MELDUNO; MELIDENSIS; MEIDUNUS). An English philosopher and theologian, b. in England ...
Robert of Molesme, Saint St. Robert of Molesme Born about the year 1029, at Champagne, France, of noble parents who bore the names of Thierry ...
Robert of Newminster, Saint St. Robert of Newminster Born in the district of Craven, Yorkshire, probably at the village of Gargrave; died 7 June, 1159. ...
Robert Pullus Robert Pullus (PULLEN, PULLAN, PULLY.) See also ROBERT PULLEN. Cardinal, English philosopher and ...
Robert, Saint St. Robert Founder of the Abbey of Chaise-Dieu in Auvergne, b. at Aurilac, Auvergne, about 1000; d. in ...
Roberts, Saint John St. John Roberts First Prior of St. Gregory's, Douai (now Downside Abbey ), b. 1575-6; martyred 10 ...
Robertson, James Burton James Burton Robertson Historian, b. in London 15 Nov., 1800; d. at Dublin 14 Feb., 1877, son of Thomas Robertson, a ...
Robinson, Venerable Christopher Ven. Christopher Robinson Born at Woodside, near Westward, Cumberland, date unknown; executed at Carlisle, 19 Aug., 1598. ...
Robinson, William Callyhan William Callyhan Robinson Jurist and educator, b. 26 July, 1834, at Norwich, Conn.; d. 6 Nov., 1911, at Washington, D.C. ...
Rocaberti, Juan Tomás de Juan Tomas de Rocaberti Theologian, b. of a noble family at Perelada, in Catalina, c. 1624; d. at Madrid 13 June, 1699. ...
Rocamadour Rocamadour Communal chief town of the canton of Gramat, district of Gourdon, Department of Lot, in the ...
Rocca, Angelo Angelo Rocca Founder of the Angelica Library at Rome, b. at Rocca, now Arecevia, near Ancone, 1545; d. at ...
Roch, Saint St. Roch Born at Montpellier towards 1295; died 1327. His father was governor of that city. At his birth ...
Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste-Donatien Rochambeau Marshal, b. at Vendôme, France, 1 July, 1725; d. at Thoré, 10 May, 1807. At the age ...
Roche, Alanus de la Alanus de Rupe (Alanus de la Roche) ( Sometimes DE LA ROCHE). Born about 1428; died at Zwolle in Holland, 8 September, 1475. ...
Rochester, Ancient See of Rochester (ROFFA; ROFFENSIS). The oldest and smallest of all the suffragan sees of Canterbury, was ...
Rochester, Blessed John Bl. John Rochester Priest and martyr, born probably at Terling, Essex, England, about 1498; died at York, 11 May, ...
Rochester, Diocese of Rochester This diocese, on its establishment by separation from the See of Buffalo, 24 January, 1868, ...
Rochet Rochet An over-tunic usually made of fine white linen (cambric; fine cotton material is also allowed), ...
Rochette, Désiré Raoul Desire Raoul Rochette Usually known as Raoul-Rochette, a French archeologist, b. at St. Amand (Cher), 9 March, 1789; d. ...
Rock, Daniel Daniel Rock Antiquarian and ecclesiologist, b. at Liverpool, 31 August, 1799; d. at Kensington, London, 28 ...
Rockford, Diocese of Rockford (ROCKFORDIENSIS). Created 23 September, 1908, comprises Jo Daviess, Stephenson, Winnebago, ...
Rockhampton Rockhampton Diocese in Queensland, Australia. In 1862 Father Duhig visited the infant settlement on the banks ...
Rococo Style Rococo Style This style received its name in the nineteenth century from French émigrés , who ...
Rodez Rodez (RUTHENAE) The Diocese of Rodez was united to the Diocese of Cahors by the Concordat of ...
Rodrigues Ferreira, Alexandre Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira A Brazilian natural scientist and explorer, b. at Bahia in 1756; d. at Lisbon in 1815. He ...
Rodriguez, Alonso Alonso Rodriguez Born at Valladolid, Spain, 1526; died at Seville 21 February, 1616. When twenty years of age he ...
Rodriguez, Joao Joao Rodriguez (GIRAM, GIRAO, GIRON, ROIZ). Missionary and author, b. at Alcochete in the Diocese of Lisbon ...
Rodriguez, Saint Alphonsus St. Alphonsus Rodriguez (Also Alonso). Born at Segovia in Spain, 25 July, 1532; died at Majorca, 31 October, 1617. ...
Roe, Bartholomew Bartholomew Roe (VENERABLE ALBAN). English Benedictine martyr, b. in Suffolk, 1583; executed at Tyburn, 21 ...
Roermond Roermond (RUBAEMUNDENSIS). Diocese in Holland ; suffragan of Utrecht. It includes the Province of ...
Rogation Days Rogation Days Days of prayer, and formerly also of fasting, instituted by the Church to appease God's anger ...
Roger Bacon Roger Bacon Philosopher, surnamed D OCTOR M IRABILIS , b. at Ilchester, Somersetshire, about 1214; d. at ...
Roger Cadwallador, Venerable Ven. Roger Cadwallador English martyr, b. at Stretton Sugwas, near Hereford, in 1568; executed at Leominster, 27 Aug., ...
Roger of Wendover Roger of Wendover Benedictine monk, date of birth unknown; d. 1236, the first of the great chroniclers of St. ...
Roger, Bishop of Worcester Roger, Bishop of Worcester Died at Tours, 9 August, 1179. A younger son of Robert, Earl of Gloucester, he was educated ...
Roh, Peter Peter Roh Born at Conthey (Gunthis) in the canton of Valais ( French Switzerland ), 14 August, 1811; d. at ...
Rohault de Fleury Rohault de Fleury A family of French architects and archaeologists of the nineteenth century, of which the most ...
Rohrbacher, Réné François Rene Francois Rohrbacher Ecclesiastical historian, b. at Langatte (Langd) in the present Diocese of Metz, 27 September, ...
Rojas y Zorrilla, Francisco de Francisco de Rojas y Zorrilla Spanish dramatic poet, b. at Toledo, 4 Oct., 1607; d. 1680. Authentic information regarding the ...
Rokewode, John Gage John Gage Rokewode Born 13 Sept., 1786; died at Claughton Hall, Lancashire, 14 Oct., 1842. He was the fourth son of ...
Rolduc Rolduc (RODA DUCIS, also Roda, Closterroda or Hertogenrade). Located in S. E. Limburg, Netherlands. ...
Rolfus, Hermann Hermann Rolfus Catholic educationist, b. at Freiburg, 24 May, 1821; d. at Buhl, near Offenburg, 27 October, ...
Rolle de Hampole, Richard Richard Rolle de Hampole Solitary and writer, b. at Thornton, Yorkshire, about 1300; d. at Hampole, 29 Sept., 1349. The ...
Rollin, Charles Charles Rollin Born in Paris, 1661; died there, 1741. The son of a cutler, intended to follow his father's ...
Rolls Series Rolls Series A collection of historical materials of which the general scope is indicated by its official ...
Rolph, Thomas Thomas Rolph Surgeon, b. 1800; d. at Portsmouth, 17 Feb., 1858. He was a younger son of Dr. Thomas Rolph and ...
Roman Catacombs Roman Catacombs This subject will be treated under seven heads: I. Position; II. History; III. Inscriptions; IV. ...
Roman Catechism Roman Catechism This catechism differs from other summaries of Christian doctrine for the instruction of the ...
Roman Catholic Roman Catholic A qualification of the name Catholic commonly used in English-speaking countries by those ...
Roman Catholic Relief Bill Roman Catholic Relief Bill IN ENGLAND With the accession of Queen Elizabeth (1558) commenced the series of legislative ...
Roman Christian Cemeteries, Early Early Roman Christian Cemeteries This article treats briefly of the individual catacomb cemeteries in the vicinity of Rome. For ...
Roman Colleges Roman Colleges This article treats of the various colleges in Rome which have been founded under ...
Roman Congregations The Roman Congregations Certain departments have been organized by the Holy See at various times to assist it in the ...
Roman Curia Roman Curia Strictly speaking, the ensemble of departments or ministries which assist the sovereign pontiff ...
Roman Processional Roman Processional Strictly speaking it might be said that the Processional has no recognized place in the Roman ...
Roman Rite, The The Roman Rite ( Ritus romanus ). The Roman Rite is the manner of celebrating the Holy Sacrifice, ...
Romanos Pontifices, Constitutio Consitutio Romanos Pontifices The restoration by Pius IX, 29 Sept. 1850, by letters Apostolic "Universalis ecclesiæ" of ...
Romanos, Saint St. Romanos Surnamed ho melodos and ho theorrhetor , poet of the sixth century. The only authority for ...
Romans, Epistle to the Epistle To the Romans This subject will be treated under the following heads: I. The Roman Church and St. Paul; II. ...
Romanus, Pope Pope Romanus Of this pope very little is known with certainty, not even the date of his birth nor the exact ...
Romanus, Saints Saints Romanus (1) A Roman martyr Romanus is mentioned in the "Liber Pontificalis" (ed. Duchesne, I, 155) ...
Rome Rome The significance of Rome lies primarily in the fact that it is the city of the pope. The Bishop ...
Rome, University of University of Rome The University of Rome must be distinguished from the "Studium Generale apud Curiam", established ...
Romero, Juan Juan Romero Missionary and Indian linguist, b. in the village of Machena, Andalusia, Spain, 1559; d. at ...
Romuald, Saint St. Romuald Born at Ravenna, probably about 950; died at Val-di-Castro, 19 June, 1027. St. Peter Damian, his ...
Romulus Augustulus Romulus Augustulus Deposed in the year 476, the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire. His reign was purely ...
Ronan, Saint St. Ronan There are twelve Irish saints bearing the name of Ronan commemorated in the "Martyrology of ...
Ronsard, Pierre de Pierre de Ronsard French poet, b. 2 (or 11) Sept., 1524, at the Château de la Poissonniere, near ...
Rood Rood (Anglo-Saxon Rod, or Rode, "cross"), a term, often used to signify the True Cross itself, ...
Roothaan, Johann Philipp Johann Philipp Roothaan Twenty-first General of the Society of Jesus , b. at Amsterdam, 23 November, 1785; d. at Rome, ...
Roper, William William Roper Biographer of St. Thomas More, born 1496; died 4 January, 1578. Both his father and mother ...
Rorate Coeli Rorate Coeli (Vulgate, text), the opening words of Isaiah 45:8 . The text is used frequently both at Mass and ...
Rosa, Salvatore Salvatore Rosa (Also spelled SALVATOR; otherwise known as RENNELLA, or ARENELLA, from the place of his birth). ...
Rosalia, Saint St. Rosalia Hermitess, greatly venerated at Palermo and in the whole of Sicily of which she in patroness. ...
Rosary, Breviary Hymns of the Breviary Hymns of the Rosary The proper office granted by Leo XIII (5 August, 1888) to the feast contains four hymns ...
Rosary, Confraternity of the Confraternity of the Holy Rosary In accordance with the conclusion of the article ROSARY no sufficient evidence is forthcoming to ...
Rosary, Feast of the Holy Feast of the Holy Rosary Apart from the signal defeat of the Albigensian heretics at the battle of Muret in 1213 which ...
Rosary, Seraphic Franciscan Crown ( Or Seraphic Rosary.) A Rosary consisting of seven decades in commemoration of the seven ...
Rosary, The The Rosary Please see our How to Recite the Holy Rosary sheet in PDF format, and feel free to copy and ...
Rosate, Alberico de Alberico de Rosate (Or ROSCIATE). Jurist, date of birth unknown; died in 1354. He was bom in the village of ...
Roscelin Roscelin Roscelin, a monk of Compiègne, was teaching as early as 1087. He had contact with ...
Roscommon Roscommon Capital of County Roscommon, Ireland ; owes origin and name to a monastery founded by St. Coman ...
Rose of Lima, Saint St. Rose of Lima Virgin, patroness of America, born at Lima, Peru 20 April, 1586; died there 30 August, 1617. ...
Rose of Viterbo, Saint St. Rose of Viterbo Virgin, born at Viterbo, 1235; died 6 March, 1252. The chronology of her life must always remain ...
Rose Window Rose Window A circular window, with mullions and traceries generally radiating from the centre, and filled ...
Rosea Rosea A titular see. The official catalogue of the Roman Curia mentioned formerly a titular see of ...
Roseau Roseau (ROSENSIS). Diocese ; suffragan of Port of Spain, Trinidad, B.W.I. The different islands of ...
Rosecrans, William Starke William Starke Rosecrans William Born at Kingston, Ohio, U.S.A. 6 Sept., 1819; died near Redondo California, 11 March, ...
Roseline, Saint St. Roseline (Rossolina.) Born at Château of Arcs in eastern Provence, 1263; d. 17 January, 1329. ...
Rosenau Rosenau ( Hungarian ROZSNYÓ; Latin ROSNAVIENSIS). Diocese in Hungary, suffragan of Eger, ...
Rosh Hashanah Feast of Trumpets The first day of Tishri (October), the seventh month of the Hebrew year. Two trumpets are ...
Rosicrucians Rosicrucians The original appelation of the alleged members of the occult-cabalistic- theosophic "Rosicrucian ...
Roskilde, Ancient See of, in Denmark Ancient See of Roskilde in Denmark (ROSCHILDIA, ROSKILDENSIS.) Suffragan to Hamburg, about 991-1104, to Lund, 1104-1536. The ...
Roskoványi, August August Roskovanyi Bishop of Neutra in Hungary, doctor of philosophy and theology, b. at Szenna in the County ...
Rosmini and Rosminianism Rosmini and Rosminianism Antonio Rosmini Serbati, philosopher, and founder of the Institute of Charity, born 24 March, ...
Rosminians Rosminians The Institute of Charity, or, officially, Societas a charitate nuncupata , is a religious ...
Ross Ross (ROSSENSIS). Diocese in Ireland. This see was founded by St. Fachtna, and the place-name ...
Ross, School of School of Ross The School of Ross &151; now called Ross-Carbery, but formerly Ross-Ailithir from the large ...
Rossano Rossano (ROSSANENSIS). Archdiocese in Calabria, province of Cosenza, Southern Italy. The city is ...
Rosselino, Antonio di Matteo di Domenico Antonio di Matteo di Domenico Rosselino The youngest of five brothers, sculptors and stone cutters, family name Gamberelli (1427-78). He ...
Rosselino, Bernardo Bernardo Rosselino (Properly BERNARDO DI MATTEO GAMBARELLI.) B. at Florence, 1409; d. 1464. Rosselino occupies ...
Rosselli, Cosimo Cosimo Rosselli (LORENZO DI FILIPPO). Italian fresco painter, b. at Florence, 1439; d. there in 1507. The ...
Rossi, Bernardo de Bernardo de Rossi (DE RUBEIS, GIOVANNI FRANCESCO BERNARDO MARIA). Theologian and historian; b. at Cividale del ...
Rossi, Giovanni Battista de Giovanni Battista de Rossi A distinguished Christian archaeologist , best known for his work in connection with the Roman ...
Rossi, Pellegrino Pellegrino Rossi Publicist, diplomat, economist, and statesman, b. at Carrara, Italy, 13 July, 1787; assassinated ...
Rossini, Gioacchino Antonio Gioacchino Antonio Rossini Born 29 February, 1792, at Pesaro in the Romagna; died 13 November, 1868, at Passy, near Paris. ...
Rostock, Sebastian von Sebastian von Rostock Bishop of Breslau, b. at Grottkau, Silesia, 24 Aug. 1607; d. at Breslau, 9 June, 1671. He ...
Rostock, University of University of Rostock Located in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, founded in the year 1419 through the united efforts of Dukes John ...
Roswitha Hroswitha A celebrated nun -poetess of the tenth century, whose name has been given in various forms, ...
Rota, Sacra Romana Sacra Romana Rota In the Constitution "Sapienti Consilio" (29 June, 1908), II, 2, Pins X re-established the Sacra ...
Roth, Heinrich Heinrich Roth Missionary in India and Sanskrit scholar, b. of illustrious parentage at Augsburg, 18 December, ...
Rothe, David David Rothe Bishop of Ossory ( Ireland ), b. at Kilkenny in 1573, of a distinguished family ; d. 20 ...
Rottenburg Rottenburg (ROTTENBURGENSIS). Diocese ; suffragan of the ecclesiastical Province of the Upper Rhine. It ...
Rotuli Rotuli Rotuli, i.e. rolls — in which a long narrow strip of papyrus or parchment, written on one ...
Rouen, Archdiocese of Rouen (ROTHOMAGENSIS) Revived by the Concordat of 1802 with the Sees of Bayeux, Evreux, and ...
Rouen, Synods of Synods of Rouen The first synod is generally believed to have been held by Archbishop Saint-Ouen about 650. ...
Rouquette, Adrien Adrien Rouquette Born in Louisiana in 1813, of French parentage; died as a missionary among the Choctaw Indians ...
Rousseau, Jean-Baptiste Jean-Baptiste Rousseau French poet, b. in Paris, 16 April 1670; d. at La Genette, near Brussels, 17 May, 1741. ...
Rovezzano, Benedetto da Benedetto Da Rovezzano Sculptor and architect, b. in 1490, either at Rovezzano, near Florence, or, according to some ...
Rowsham, Stephen Stephen Rowsham A native of Oxfordshire, entered Oriel College, Oxford, in 1572. He took orders in the English ...
Royal Declaration, The The Royal Declaration This is the name most commonly given to the solemn repudiation of Catholicity which, in ...
Royer-Collard, Pierre-Paul Pierre-Paul Royer-Collard Philosopher and French politician, b. at Sompuis (Marne), 21 June, 1763; d. at ...
Ruadhan, Saint St. Ruadhan One of the twelve "Apostles of Erin" ; died at the monastery of Lorrha, County Tipperary, ...
Ruben Ruben (Reuben) (REUBEN.) A proper name which designates in the Bible : (1) a patriarch; (II) a tribe of ...
Rubens, Peter Paul Peter Paul Rubens Eminent Flemish painter, b. at Siegen, Westphalia, 28 June, 1577; d. at Antwerp, 30 May, 1640. ...
Rubrics Rubrics I. IDEA Among the ancients, according to Columella, Vitruvius, and Pliny, the word rubrica , ...
Rubruck, William William Rubruck (Also called William of Rubruck and less correctly Ruysbrock, Ruysbroek, and Rubruquis), ...
Rudolf of Fulda Rudolf of Fulda Chronicler, d. at Fulda, 8 March, 862. In the monastery of Fulda Rudolf entered the ...
Rudolf of Habsburg Rudolf of Habsburg German king, b. 1 May 1218; d. at Speyer, 15 July, 1291. He was the son of Albert IV, the founder ...
Rudolf of Rüdesheim Rudolf of Rudesheim Bishop of Breslau, b. at Rüdesheim on the Rhine, about 1402; d. at Breslau in Jan., 1482. ...
Rudolf von Ems Rudolf von Ems [Hohenems in Austria ]. A Middle High German epic poet of the thirteenth century. Almost ...
Rueckers, Family of Family of Rueckers Famous organ and piano-forte builders of Antwerp. Hans Rueckers, the founder, lived in ...
Ruffini, Paolo Paolo Ruffini Physician and mathematician, b. at Valentano in the Duchy of Castro, 3 Sept., 1765; d. at Modena, ...
Rufford Abbey Rufford Abbey A monastery of the Cistercian Order, situated on the left bank of the Rainworth Water, about ...
Rufina, Saints Sts. Rufina The present Roman Martyrology records saints of this name on the following days: (1) On ...
Rufinus, Saint Saints Rufinus The present Roman Martyrology records eleven saints named Rufinus: (1) On 28 February, a ...
Rufus, Saint Saints Rufus The present Roman Martyrology records ten saints of this name. Historical mention is made of ...
Ruiz de Alarcón y Mendoza, Juan de Juan de Ruiz de Alarcon y Mendoza Spanish dramatic poet, b. at Mexico City, about 1580; d. at Madrid, 4 August, 1639. He received ...
Ruiz de Montoya, Antonio Antonio Ruiz de Montoya One of the most distinguished pioneers of the original Jesuit mission in Paraguay, and a ...
Ruiz de Montoya, Diego Diego Ruiz de Montoya Theologian, b. at Seville, 1562; d. there 15 March, 1632. He entered the Society of Jesus in ...
Rule of Faith, The The Rule of Faith The word rule ( Latin regula , Gr. kanon ) means a standard by which something can be ...
Rule of St. Augustine Rule of St. Augustine The title, Rule of Saint Augustine , has been applied to each of the following documents: ...
Rule of St. Benedict Rule of St. Benedict This work holds the first place among monastic legislative codes, and was by far the most ...
Rumania Rumania A kingdom in the Balkan Peninsula, situated between the Black Sea, the Danube, the Carpathian ...
Rumohr, Karl Friedrich Karl Friedrich Rumohr Art historian, b. at Dresden, 1785; d. there, 1843. He became a Catholic in 1804. He was ...
Rupe, Alanus de Alanus de Rupe (Alanus de la Roche) ( Sometimes DE LA ROCHE). Born about 1428; died at Zwolle in Holland, 8 September, 1475. ...
Rupert, Saint St. Rupert (Alternative forms, Ruprecht, Hrodperht, Hrodpreht, Roudbertus, Rudbertus, Robert, Ruprecht). ...
Rusaddir Rusaddir A titular see of Mauritania Tingitana. Rusaddir is a Phoenician settlement whose name ...
Rusicade Rusicade A titular see of Numidia. It is mentioned by Ptolemy (IV, 3), Mela (I, 33), Pliny (V, 22), ...
Ruspe Ruspe Titular see of Byzacena in Africa, mentioned only by Ptolemy (IV, 3) and the "Tabula" of ...
Russell, Charles Charles Russell (BARON RUSSELL OF KILLOWEN). Born at Newry, Ireland, 10 November, 1832; died in London, 10 ...
Russell, Charles William Charles William Russell Born at Killough, Co. Down, 14 May, 1812; died at Dublin 26 Feb., 1880. He was descended from the ...
Russell, Richard Richard Russell Bishop of Vizéu in Portugal, b. in Berkshire, 1630; d. at Vizéu, 15 Nov., 1693. He ...
Russia Russia GEOGRAPHY Russia ( Rossiiskaia Imperiia; Russkoe Gosudarstvo ) comprises the greater part of ...
Russia, The Religion of The Religion of Russia A. The Origin of Russian Christianity There are two theories in regard to the early Christianity ...
Russian Language and Literature Russian Language and Literature The subject will be treated under the following heads, viz. RUSSIAN LANGUAGE; ANCIENT POPULAR ...
Rusticus of Narbonne, Saint St. Rusticus of Narbonne Born either at Marseilles or at Narbonnaise, Gaul; died 26 Oct., 461. According to biographers, ...
Ruth, Book of Book of Ruth One of the proto-canonical writings of the Old Testament, which derives its name from the heroine ...
Ruthenian Rite Ruthenian Rite There is, properly speaking, no separate and distinct rite for the Ruthenians, but inasmuch as ...
Ruthenians Ruthenians (Ruthenian and Russian: Rusin , plural Rusini ) A Slavic people from Southern Russia, ...
Rutter, Henry Henry Rutter ( vere BANISTER) Born 26 Feb., 1755; died 17 September, 1838, near Dodding Green, ...
Ruvo and Bitonto Ruvo and Bitonto (RUBENSIS ET BITUNTINENSIS) Diocese in the Province of Bari, Aquileia, Southern Italy. Ruvo, ...
Ruysbroeck, Blessed John Blessed John Ruysbroeck Surnamed the Admirable Doctor, and the Divine Doctor, undoubtedly the foremost of the Flemish ...
Ruysch, John John Ruysch Astronomer, cartographer, and painter, born at Utrecht about 1460; died at Cologne, 1533. Little ...
Ryan, Father Abram J. Father Abram J. Ryan The poet-priest of the South, born at Norfolk, Virginia, 15 August, 1839; died at Louisville, ...
Ryan, Patrick John Patrick John Ryan Sixth Bishop and second Archbishop of Philadelphia, b. At Thurles, County Tipperary, ...
Ryder, Henry Ignatius Dudley Henry Ignatius Dudley Ryder English Oratorian priest and controversialist, b. 3 Jan., 1837; d. at Edgbaston, Birmingham, 7 ...
Ryken, Theodore James Theodore James Ryken Known as B ROTHER F RANCIS X AVIER , founder of the Xaverian Brothers. Born at Elshout, ...

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