Ven. Ralph Ashley

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Martyr and Jesuit lay-brother; first heard of, it seems, as cook at Douay College, which he left 28 April, 1590, for the English College at Valladolid. Here he entered the Society of Jesus, but after a time returned to England because of ill-health. He fell in with Father Tesimond (Greenway), who eulogizes very highly the courage he had displayed among the Dutch heretics, by whom he had been captured during his journey. He landed in England 9 March, 1598, and was sent to serve Father Edward Oldcorne. Eight years later the two were arrested at Hindlip, near Worcester, and were committed to the Tower, together with Father Garnet, and Nicholas Owen, another laybrother, servant to Garnet. The two servants were terribly tortured, Owen dying of his torments, while the reticent answers and trembling signatures of Ashley's extant confessions bear eloquent testimony to his constancy. He was ultimately remanded with Oldcorne to Worcester, where they were tried, condemned and executed together, 7 April, 1606, giving an admirable example of heroically faithful service.

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Vácz, Diocese of Waitzen (VÄCZ or VACIENSIS). Located in Hungary ; suffragan of Gran ; probably founded by King ...
Vénard, Théophane Bl. Theophane Venard (JEAN-THÉOPHANE V&Eaucte;NARD.) French missionary, born at St-Loup, Diocese of ...
Véron, François Francois Veron French controversialist, b. at Paris about 1575; d. at Charenton, 1625. After brilliant studies ...
Völuspá Voluspa "The wisdom of the prophetess ", the most famous mythological poem of the "Elder Edda", relates ...
Vaast, Abbey of Saint Abbey of Saint Vaast Situated at Arras, the ancient capital of Artois, Department of Pas-de-Calais, France ; founded ...
Vacancy Vacancy The state of being vacant, free, unoccupied: a term applied to an office or position devoid of an ...
Vadstena, Abbey of Abbey of Vadstena Motherhouse of the Brigittine Order, situated on Lake Wetter, in the Diocese of Linköping, ...
Vaga Vaga A titular see of Numidia, frequently mentioned by historians and ancient geographers. Before ...
Vaillant de Gueslis, François Francois Vaillant de Gueslis Jesuit missionary, born at Orlxans, 20 July, 1646; died at Moulins, 24 Sept., 1718. He entered ...
Vaison, Ancient Diocese of Ancient Diocese of Vaison (VASIONENSIS.) This was suppressed by the Concordat of 1801 , and its territory is now ...
Valdés, Alfonso de Alfonso de Valdes Spanish Humanist and chancellor of the Emperor Charles V, born at Cuenca in Castile about 1500; ...
Valence, Diocese of Valence (VALENTINENSIS). See also UNIVERSITY OF VALENCE. Comprises the present Department of Drome. ...
Valence, University of University of Valence See also DIOCESE OF VALENCE . Erected 26 July, 1452, by letters patent from the Dauphin Louis, ...
Valencia Valencia (VALENTINA). Archdiocese located in Spain ; comprises the civil Provinces of Valencia, ...
Valencia, University of University of Valencia At the request of Jaime I the Conqueror, Innocent IV in 1246, authorized by a Bull the ...
Valens, Flavius Flavius Valens Emperor of the East, b. in Pannonia (now Hungary ) c. 328; d. near Adrianople, in Thrace, ...
Valentine, Pope Pope Valentine Date of birth unknown; died about October, 827. Valentine was by birth was Roman, belonging to the ...
Valentine, Saint St. Valentine At least three different Saint Valentines, all of them martyrs, are mentioned in the early ...
Valentinian I Valentinian I (FLAVIUS VALENTINIANUS). Emperor of the West, 364-75. Born at Cibalis (probably Mikanovici), ...
Valentinian II Valentinian II (FLAVIUS VALENTINIANUS) Reigned 375-392; born in Gaul, about 371, murdered at Vienne, ...
Valentinian III Valentinian III Reigned 425-55, b. at Ravenna, 3 July, 419; d. at Rome, 16 March, 455; son of Constantius III ...
Valentinus and Valentinians Valentinus and Valentinians Valentinus, the best known and most influential of the Gnostic heretics, was born according to ...
Valerian Valerian (Publius Aurelius Licinius Valerianus). Roman emperor (253-60). Member of a distinguished ...
Validation of Marriage Validation of Marriage Validation of marriage may be effected by a simple renewal of consent when its nullity arises ...
Vallée-Poussin, Charles-Louis-Joseph-Xavier de la Charles-Louis-Joseph-Xavier de la Vallee-Poussin Professor of geology and mineralogy at the Catholic University of Louvain (1863), doctor honoris ...
Valla, Lorenzo Lorenzo Valla (DELLA VALLE). Humanist and philosopher, b. at Rome, 1405; d. there, 1 Aug., 1457. His ...
Valladolid, Archdiocese of Valladolid (VALLISOLETANA). Bounded on the north by Palencia, east by Burgos and Segovia, south by ...
Valladolid, University of University of Valladolid The name of the founder and the date of foundation of the University of Valladolid are not known ...
Vallarsi, Dominic Dominic Vallarsi An Italian priest, born at Verona, 13 November, 1702; died there, 14 August, 1771. He studied ...
Valle, Pietro della Pietro Della Valle Italian traveller in the Orient, b. at Rome, 2 April, 1586; d. there, 21 April, 1652. He ...
Valleyfield, Diocese of Valleyfield (CAMPIVALLENSIS.) Valleyfield is a thriving city of about 10,000 inhabitants, situated at the ...
Vallgornera, Thomas de Thomas de Vallgornera Dominican theologian and ascetical writer, renowned for his learning and piety, born in ...
Valliscaulian Order Valliscaulian Order ("Vallis Caulium", or "Val-des-Choux", the name of the first monastery of that order, in Burgundy ...
Vallo and Capaccio Capaccio and Vallo (CAPUTAQUENSIS ET VALLENSIS) Suffragan diocese of Salerno. Capaccio is a city in the ...
Vallumbrosan Order Vallumbrosan Order The name is derived from the motherhouse, Vallombrosa (Latin Vallis umbrosa, shady valley), ...
Valois, Henri Henri Valois (HENRICUS VALESIUS). Philologist, b. at Paris, 10 Sept., 1603; d. at Paris, 7 May, 1676. He ...
Valona Valona Titular see, suffragan of Dyrrachium, in Epirus Nova. The ancient name was Aulon, mentioned for ...
Valroger, Hyacinthe de Hyacinthe de Valroger French Oratorian, born at Caen, 6 January, 1814; died 10 October, 1876. He first studied ...
Valva and Sulmona, Dioceses of Dioceses of Valva and Sulmona (VALVEN. ET SULMONEN.) Located in Italy ; united aeque principaliter . Valva, a medieval ...
Valverde, Vincent de Vincent de Valverde Born at Oropesa, Spain towards the close of the fifteenth century; d. at the Island of ...
Van Beethoven, Ludwig Ludwig van Beethoven Born at Bonn, probably on 16 December, 1770; died at Vienna, 26 March, 1827. The date of his ...
Van Beneden, Pierre-Joseph Pierre-Joseph van Beneden Born at Mechlin, Belgium, 19 Dec., 1809; died at Louvain, 8 Jan., 1894. Educated for the ...
Van Buren, William Home William Home van Buren Distinguished American surgeon, b. at Philadelphia, 5 April, 1819; d. at New York, 25 March, 1883. ...
Van Cleef, Jan Jan van Cleef A Flemish painter, b. in Guelderland in 1646, d. at Ghent, 18 December, 1716. He was a pupil of ...
Van Cleef, Joost Joost van Cleef (JOSSE VAN CLEVE). The "Madman", a Flemish painter born in Antwerp c. 1520, died c. 1556. ...
Van Cleef, Martin Martin van Cleef A Flemish painter, born at Antwerp in 1520; died in 1570; was the son of the painter William ...
Van de Velde, Peter Peter van de Velde (PEDRO CAMPAÑA). Painter, b. at Brussels, 1503; d. in that city in 1580. This artist ...
Van De Vyver, Augustine Augustine van de Vyver Sixth Bishop of Richmond, Virginia ; b. at Haesdonck, East Flanders, Belgium, 1 Dec., 1844; ...
Van den Broek, Theodore J. Theodore J. van Den Broek Priest and missionary, b. at Amsterdam, Holland, 5 Nov., 1783; d. at Little Chute, Wisconsin, 5 ...
Van der Bundere, Joannes Joannes Bunderius (VAN DEN BUNDERE). A Flemish theologian and controversialist, born of distinguished parents ...
Van der Sandt, Maximilian Maximilian van Der Sandt (SANDAUS). Born at Amsterdam, 17 April, 1578; d. at Cologne, 21 June, 1656. He entered the ...
Van der Weyden, Rogier Rogier van Der Weyden Painter, b. at Tournai, 1399 or 1400; d. at Brussels, 1464. His original name was De la Pasture, ...
Van Eyck, Hubert and Jan Hubert and Jan van Eyck Brothers, Flemish illuminators and painters, founders of the school of Bruges and ...
Vancouver Vancouver (VANCOUVERIENSIS). Archdiocese ; includes that part of the mainland of the Province of British ...
Vandal, Albert Albert Vandal French writer, b. at Paris, 7 July, 1853; d. there, 30 Aug., 1910. His father was director ...
Vandals Vandals A Germanic people belonging to the family of East Germans. According to Tacitus, they were ...
Vane, Thomas Thomas Vane The place and time of his birth and death are not known; but he was educated at Christ's ...
Vannes, Diocese of Vannes (VENETENSIS). Comprises the Department of Morbihan, and was re-established by the Concordat ...
Vanni, Andrea Andrea Vanni Painter and statesman, b. at Siena, 1320; d. 1414. He entered politics after the democratic ...
Vanni, Francesco Francesco Vanni Painter, b. at Siena, 1565; d. there, 1609. Vanni was one of the better class of artists of the ...
Varani, Blessed Baptista Blessed Baptista Varani (Varano). An ascetical writer, b. at Camerino, in the Camerino, belonged to an illustrious ...
Vargas y Mexia, Francisco de Francisco de Vargas y Mexia Spanish diplomat and ecclesiastical writer, b. at Madrid, date unknown; d. At the ...
Vargas, Luis de Luis de Vargas Painter, b. at Seville, in 1502; d. there in 1568. He has two claims upon our attention; he was ...
Vasari, Giorgio Giorgio Vasari Painter, architect, and writer, b. at Arezzo, 1511; d. at Florence, 1574. Although an artist of ...
Vase, Altar Altar Vase Vase to hold flowers for the decoration of the altar. The Cæremoniale Episcoporum (I, xii, ...
Vasquez, Gabriel Gabriel Vasquez Theologian, b. at Villaescusa de Haro, near Belmonte, Cuenca, 1549 or 1551; d. at Alcalá, ...
Vatable, François Francois Vatable (Or better WATEBLED, the name is also written GASTEBLED or OUATEBLE). French Hellenist and ...
Vatican as a Scientific Institution, The The Vatican as a Scientific Institute Regarded from the point of view of scientific productivity, the Vatican is the busiest ...
Vatican Council Vatican Council The Vatican Council, the twentieth and up to now [1912] the last ecumenical council, opened on 8 ...
Vatican Observatory Vatican Observatory The Vatican Observatory now bears the official title, "Specola Astronomica Vaticana". To ...
Vatican, The The Vatican This subject will be treated under the following heads: I. Introduction; II. Architectural ...
Vaticanus, Codex Codex Vaticanus (CODEX B), a Greek manuscript, the most important of all the manuscripts of Holy Scripture . ...
Vaudreuil Vaudreuil Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil Governor of Canada, born in Languedoc, France, in the ...
Vaughan, Herbert Herbert Vaughan Cardinal, and third Archbishop of Westminster ; b. at Gloucester, 15 April, 1832; d. at St. ...
Vaughan, Roger William Roger William Vaughan (B EDE ). Second Archbishop of Sydney, b. at Courtfield, Herefordshire, 9 January, 1834; ...
Vauquelin, Louis-Nicolas Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin Born at Saint-André d'Hebertot, Normandy, 16 May, 1763; died 14 Nov., 1829. In youth as ...
Vaux, Laurence Laurence Vaux (V OSE ). Canon regular, author of a catechism, martyr in prison, b. at Blackrod, ...
Vaux-de-Cernay Vaux-De-Cernay A celebrated Cistercian abbey situated in the Diocese of Versailles, Seine-et-Oise, in what was ...
Vavasour, Thomas Thomas Vavasour English Catholic physician, pensioner of St. John's College, Cambridge, b. about 1536-7; d. at ...
Vavasseur, François Francois Vavasseur Humanist and controversialist, b. at Paray-le-Monial, 8 Dec., 1605; d. at Paris, 16 Dec., ...
Vaz, Blessed Joseph Blessed Joseph Vaz A Goanese priest, Apostle of Ceylon [ Sri Lanka ], b. at Goa, 21 April, 1651; d. at Kandy, 16 ...
Vecchietta, Lorenzo di Pietro Lorenzo di Pietro Vecchietta Painter, sculptor, goldsmith, and architect, b. at Castiglione di Val d'Orcia, 1412; d. there, ...
Vedas Vedas The sacred books of ancient India. The Sanskrit word veda means "knowledge", more particularly ...
Vega, Andreas de Andreas de Vega Theologian and Franciscan Observantine, b. at Segovia in Old Castile, Spain, at unknown date ...
Veghe, Johannes Johannes Veghe German preacher and religious writer, b. at Münster in Westphalia about 1435; d. there, 21 ...
Vegio, Maffeo Maffeo Vegio (MAPHEUS VEGIUS.) Churchman, humanist, poet, and educator, b. at Lodi, Italy, 1406; d. at ...
Veglia, Diocese of Veglia (VEGIENSIS ET ARBENSIS). In Austria, suffragan of Görz-Gradisca. Parallel to the Dinaric ...
Vehe, Michael Michael Vehe Born at Bieberach near Wimpfen; died at Halle, April, 1559. He joined the Dominicans at Wimpfen, ...
Veil, Humeral Humeral Veil This is the name given to a cloth of rectangular shape about 8 ft. long and 1 1/2 ft. wide. The ...
Veil, Religious Religious Veil In ancient Rome a red veil, or a veil with red stripes, distinguished newly-married women from ...
Veit, Philipp Philipp Veit Painter, b. at Berlin, 13 Feb., 1793; d. at Mainz, 18 Dec., 1877. Veit was a grandson of the ...
Veith, Johann Emanuel Johann Emanuel Veith Preacher, b. of Jewish parents at Kuttenplan, Bohemia, 1787; d. at Vienna, 6 Nov., 1876. In ...
Velazquez, Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velazquez Spanish painter, b. at Seville 5 June, 1599 (the certificate of baptism is dated 6 June); d. at ...
Venezuela Venezuela A republic formed out of the provinces which, under Spanish rule, constituted the captaincy ...
Veni Creator Spiritus Veni Creator Spiritus The "most famous of hymns " (Frere), is assigned in the Roman Breviary to Vespers (I and II) ...
Veni Sancte Spiritus Et Emitte Coelitus Veni Sancte Spiritus Et Emitte Coelitus The sequence for Pentecost (the "Golden Sequence "). It is sung at Mass from Whitsunday until ...
Veni Sancte Spiritus Reple Veni Sancte Spiritus Reple A prose invocation of the Holy Ghost . The Alleluia following the Epistle of Whitsunday ...
Venice Venice Venice, the capital of a province in Northern Italy, is formed of a group of 117 small islands ...
Venosa Venosa (VENUSIN.) Diocese in Southern Italy. The city is situated on a high precipitous hill, one of ...
Ventimiglia Ventimiglia (VENTIMILIENSIS) Located in the Province of Porto Maurizio, northern Italy. The city is ...
Ventura di Raulica, Gioacchino Gioacchino Ventura di Raulica Italian pulpit orator, patriot, phyilosopher, b. at Palermo, 8 Dec., 1792; d. at Versailles, 2 ...
Venturino of Bergamo Venturino of Bergamo Preacher, b. at Bergamo, 9 April, 1304; d. at Smyrna, 28 March, 1346. He received the habit of ...
Venusti, Raffaele Raffaele Venusti (VENOSTA.) Born at Tirano, Valtellina, northern Italy, about the end of the fifteenth ...
Vera Cruz Vera Cruz (VERAE CRUCIS or JALAPENSIS). Diocese of the Mexican Republic, suffragan of the Archbishopric ...
Verapoly, Archdiocese of Verapoly (VERAPOLITANA.) Located on the Malabar Coast, India, having the Diocese of Quilon as ...
Verbiest, Ferdinand Ferdinand Verbiest Missionary and astronomer, b. at Pitthem near Coutrai, Also spelled "Kortrijk" Belgium, 9 ...
Verbum Supernum Prodiens Verbum Supernum Prodiens The first line of two hymns celebrating respectively the Nativity of Christ and the Institution ...
Vercelli Vercelli (VERCELLENSIS). Archdiocese in the Province of Novara, Piedmont, Italy. The city of Vercelli ...
Vercellone, Carlo Carlo Vercellone Biblical scholar, born at Biella, Milan ; died at Rome, 19 January, 1869. He entered the Order ...
Verdaguer, Jacinto Jacinto Verdaguer Poet, b. at Riudeperas, Province of Barcelona, Spain, 17 April, 1845; d. at Vallvidrera, ...
Verdi, Giuseppe Giuseppe Verdi Composer, b. at Le Roncole, Parma, Italy, 10 October, 1813; d. at S. Agata, near Busseto, 27 ...
Verdun, Diocese of Verdun (VIRODUNENSIS.) Comprises the Department of the Meuse. Suppressed by the Concordat of 1802, ...
Verecundus Verecundus sentence --> Bishop of Junca, in the African Province of Byzacena, in the middle of the ...
Vergani, Paolo Paolo Vergani Italian political economist, b. in Piedmont, 1753; d. in Paris, about 1820. As a student, he ...
Vergerio, Pier Paolo, the Elder Pier Paolo Vergerio, the Elder Humanist, statesman, and canonist, b. at Capodistria, 23 July, 1370; d. at Budapest, 8 July, 1444 ...
Vergil, Polydore Polydore Vergil Born at Ubino about 1470; died there probably in 1555. Having studied at Bologna and Padua, he ...
Vergilius of Salzburg, Saint St. Vergilius of Salzburg Irish missionary and astronomer, of the eighth century. Vergilius (or Virgilius, in Irish ...
Vering, Friedrich Heinrich Friedrich Heinrich Vering A German canonist, b. at Liesborn in Westphalia, 9 March, 1833; d. at Prague, 30 March, 1896. ...
Vermont Vermont One of the New England states, extends from the line of Massachusetts, on the south 42° 44' N. ...
Verna, La La Verna An isolated mountain hallowed by association with St. Francis of Assisi, situated in the centre ...
Vernazza, Tommasina Tommasina Vernazza Born at Genoa, 1497; died there, 1587. Her father, Ettore Vernazza, was a patrician, founder of ...
Verne, Jules Jules Verne Novelist, b. at Nantes, France, 1828; d. at Amiens, 1905. His first literary venture was a ...
Vernier, Pierre Pierre Vernier Inventor of the instrument which bears his name, b. at Ornans, Franche-Comte, c. 1580; d. there, ...
Veroli, Diocese of Veroli (VERULANA). Located in the Province of Rome. The city of Veroli (Verulae) is situated on the ...
Verona Verona (VERONENSIS.) Diocese in Venetia (Northern Italy ). The city, situated on both branches of ...
Veronica Giuliani, Saint St. Veronica Giuliani Born at Mercatello in the Duchy of Urbino, Italy, 1660; died at Citt` di Castello, 9 July, 1727. ...
Veronica, Saint St. Veronica In several regions of Christendom there is honored under this name a pious matron of ...
Verot, Augustin Augustin Verot Third Bishop of Savannah, first of St. Augustine, b. at Le Puy, France, May, 1804; d. at St. ...
Verrazano, Giovanni da Giovanni Da Verrazano Navigator, b. about 1485, of good family, at Val di Greve, near Florence ; executed at Puerto ...
Verreau, Hospice-Anthelme Hospice-Anthelme Verreau A French-Canadian priest, educator, and historian, b. at l'Islet, P.Q., 6 Sept., 1828, of Germain ...
Verri, Count Pietro Count Pietro Verri Economist, b. at Milan, Dec., 1728; d. there, 29 June, 1797. After studying at Monza, Rome, and ...
Verrocchio, Andrea del Andrea Del Verrocchio Born at Florence, 1435; d. at Venice, 1488. He was called Andrea di Michele di Francesco de' ...
Versailles Versailles (VERSALIENSIS). Diocese ; includes the Department of Seine-et-Oise, France. Created in ...
Versions of the Bible Versions of the Bible Synopsis GREEK : Septuagint; Aquila; Theodotion; Symmachus; other versions. VERSIONS FROM THE ...
Versions of the Bible, Coptic Coptic Bibles DIALECTS The Coptic language is now recognized in four principal dialects, Bohairic (formerly ...
Verstegan, Richard Richard Verstegan ( Alias ROWLANDS). Publisher and antiquarian, born at London, about 1548; died at Antwerp ...
Vertin, John John Vertin Third Bishop of Marquette, U.S.A. b. at Doblice, Diocese of Laibach (Carniolia), Austria, 17 ...
Vertot, Réné-Aubert, Sieur de Rene-Aubert, Sieur de Vertot French historian, b. at Benetot, Normandy, 25 Nov., 1655; d. in Paris, 15 June, 1735. He was for ...
Veruela Veruela A celebrated Cistercian monastery and church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. It is situated ...
Vesalius, Andreas Andreas Vesalius (WESALIUS.) The reorganizer of the study of anatomy ; b. at Brussels, 31 Dec., 1514; d. in a ...
Vespasian Vespasian (TITUS FLAVIUS VESPASIANUS). Roman Emperor, b. at Reate (now Rieti ), the ancient capital of ...
Vespasiano da Bisticci Vespasiano Da Bisticci ( Or FIORENTINO.) Florentine humanist and librarian, b. in 1421; d. in 1498. He was ...
Vespers Vespers This subject will be treated under the following headings: I. Vespers in the sixth century; II. ...
Vespers, Music of Music of Vespers The texts (e.g. antiphons, psalms, hymn ) sung in Vespers vary according to the feast or the ...
Vespers, Sicilian Sicilian Vespers The traditional name given to the insurrection which broke out at Palermo on Easter Tuesday, 31 ...
Vespucci, Amerigo Amerigo Vespucci A famous Italian navigator, born at Florence, 9 March, 1451; died at Seville, 22 February, 1512. ...
Vessels, Altar Altar Vessels The chalice is the cup in which the wine and water of the Eucharistic Sacrifice is contained. ...
Vestibule (in Architecture) Vestibule (Porch) A hall projecting in front of the façade of a church, found from the fifth century both ...
Vestments Vestments IN WESTERN EUROPE By liturgical vestments are meant the vestments that, according to the rules ...
Veszprém Veszprem (VESPRIMIENSIS.) Diocese in Hungary, suffragan of Gran, one of the sees founded about 1009 by ...
Veto, The Royal The Royal Veto (In the appointment of Bishops in Ireland and England.) Although the penal laws enacted ...
Vetter, Conrad Conrad Vetter Preacher and polemical writer, b. at Engen in the present Grand Duchy of Baden, 1547; d. at ...
Veuillot, Louis Louis Veuillot Journalist and writer, b. at Boynes, Loiret, 11 Oct., 1813; d. in Paris, 7 April, 1883. He was ...
Vexiö, Ancient See of Ancient See of Vexio (WEPIONENSIS.) The Ancient See of Vexiö, in Sweden, comprised the County of Kronoberg ...
Vexilla Regis Prodeunt Vexilla Regis Prodeunt This "world-famous hymn, one of the grandest in the treasury of the Latin Church " (Neale), and ...
Vezzosi, Antonio Francesco Antonio Francesco Vezzosi Member of the Theatine Congregation and biographical writer, born at Arezzo, Italy, 4 October, ...
Via Crucis Way of the Cross (Also called Stations of the Cross, Via Crucis, and Via Dolorosa). These names are used to signify ...
Via Dolorosa Way of the Cross (Also called Stations of the Cross, Via Crucis, and Via Dolorosa). These names are used to signify ...
Viader, José Jose Viader Born at Gallimes, Catalonia, 27 August, 1765. He received the habit of St. Francis at Barcelona ...
Vianney, Saint Jean-Baptiste-Marie St. John Vianney Curé of Ars, born at Dardilly, near Lyons, France, on 8 May, 1786; died at Ars, 4 ...
Viaticum Viaticum Name Among the ancient Greeks the custom prevailed of giving a supper to those setting out on a ...
Viator, Clerics of Saint Clerics of Saint Viator St. Viator, lector of the cathedral at Lyons, France, lived in the fourth century and is the ...
Viborg, Ancient See of Ancient See of Viborg in Denmark (VIBERGAE, VIBERGENSIS.) The ancient See of Viborg, in Denmark, comprised the Province of ...
Vicar Vicar ( Latin vicarius , from vice , "instead of") In canon law, the representative of a person ...
Vicar Apostolic Vicar Apostolic (1) In the early ages of the Church, the popes committed to some residentiary bishops the ...
Vicar Capitular Vicar Capitular The administrator of a vacant diocese, elected by a cathedral chapter. On the death of a ...
Vicar of Christ Vicar of Christ (Latin Vicarius Christi ). A title of the pope implying his supreme and universal ...
Vicar-General Vicar-General The highest official of a diocese after the ordinary. He is a cleric legitimately deputed to ...
Vicari, Hermann von Hermann von Vicari Archbishop of Freiburg in Baden, b. at Aulendorf in Wurtemberg, 13 May, 1773; d. at Freiburg, ...
Vicariate Apostolic (Updated List) Vicariate Apostolic The following is an account of the newly-erected vicariates Apostolic and of those changed so ...
Vice Vice ( Latin vitium , any sort of defect) is here regarded as a habit inclining one to sin. It is ...
Vicelinus, Saint St. Vicelinus Bishop of Oldenburg, apostle of Holstein, b. at Hameln about 1086; d. 12 Dec., 1154. Orphaned ...
Vicente, Gil Gil Vicente Portuguese dramatist, b. about 1470; he was living in 1536. He took up the study of law but ...
Vicenza, Diocese of Vicenza (VICENTINA). The city is the capital of a province in Venetia (Northern Italy ). The ...
Vich, Diocese of Vich (Vicensis, Ausonensis). Suffragan of Tarragona, bounded on the north by Gerona, on the east ...
Vico, Francescoe de Francescoe de Vico Astronomer, b. at Macerata, States of the Church, 19 May, 1805; d. at London, England, 15 Nov., ...
Victimae Paschali Laudes Immolent Christiani Victimae Paschali Laudes Immolent Christiani The first stanza of the Easter sequence. Medieval missals placed it on various days within the ...
Victor Victor (Bishop of Tunnunum) Bishop of Tunnunum (Tonnenna, Tunnuna) in Northern Africa and zealous supporter of the Three ...
Victor I, Pope Saint Pope St. Victor I (189-198 or 199), date of birth unknown. The "Liber Pontificalis" makes him a native of Africa ...
Victor II, Pope Pope Victor II (GEBHARD, COUNT OF CALW, TOLLENSTEIN, AND HIRSCHBERG.) Born about 1018; died at Arezzo, 28 ...
Victor III, Pope Blessed Pope Blessed Victor III (DAUFERIUS or DAUFAR). Born in 1026 or 1027 of a non-regnant branch of the Lombard dukes of ...
Victor IV Victor IV Two antipopes of this name. I. Cardinal Gregory Conti, elected in opposition to Innocent II ...
Victor of Capua Victor of Capua A sixth-century bishop about whose life nothing is known except what is found in his epitaph ...
Victor Vitensis Victor Vitensis An African bishop of the Province of Byzacena (called VITENSIS from his See of Vita), b. ...
Victoria Victoria (VICTORIEN. IN INS. VANCOUVER.) Diocese in southwestern British Columbia, of which province it ...
Victoria Nyanza, Northern Vicarite Apostolic of Northern Victoria Nyanza The Mission of Victoria Nyanza, founded in 1878 by the White Fathers of Cardinal Lavigerie, was ...
Victoria Nyanza, Southern Southern Victoria Nyanza Vicariate apostolic erected from the mission of Nyanza, 13 June, 1894, lies north of the ...
Victorinus, Caius Marius Caius Marius Victorinus (Called also VICTORINUS MARIUS, or MARIUS FABIUS VICTORINUS, and frequently referred to as ...
Victorinus, Saint St. Victorinus An ecclesiastical writer who flourished about 270, and who suffered martyrdom probably in 303, ...
Vida, Marco Girolamo Marco Girolamo Vida Italian Humanist, b. at Cremona about 1490; d. in 1566. He came to Rome under Julius II ; a ...
Vieira, Antonio Antonio Vieira Missionary, diplomat, orator, b. at Lisbon, 6 February, 1608; d. at Bahia, Brazil, 18 July, 1697. ...
Viel, Nicholas Nicholas Viel Died 1625, the first victim of apostolic zeal on the shores of the St. Lawrence. After ...
Vienna Vienna Vienna -- the capital of Austria-Hungary, the residence of the emperor, and the seat of a Latin ...
Vienna, University of University of Vienna Foundation of the University Next to the University of Prague that of Vienna is the oldest ...
Vienne, Council of Council of Vienne (1311-12) Pope Clement V, by the Bull "Regnans in coelis" of 12 Aug., 1308, called a general council to ...
Vierthaler, Franz Michael Franz Michael Vierthaler A distinguished Austrian pedagogue, b. at Mauerkirchen, Upper Austria, 25 September, 1758; d. ...
Vieta, François Francois Vieta, Seigneur de la Bigottiere (VIÈTE.) Father of modern algebra, b. at Fontenay-le-Comte (Poitou), 1540; d. in ...
Viger, Denis-Benjamin Denis-Benjamin Viger French-Canadian statesman and writer, b. at Montreal, 19 Aug., 1774; d. 1861. After studying ...
Viger, Jacques Jacques Viger French-Canadian antiquarian and archaeologist, b. at Montreal, 7 May, 1787; d. 12 Dec., 1858. ...
Vigevano Vigevano (VIGLEVANENSIS.) Diocese in Lombardy, Province of Pavia. The city is a great agricultural ...
Vigilius Vigilius Bishop of Tapsus, in the African Province of Byzacena. Mentioned in the "Notitia" appended to ...
Vigilius, Pope Pope Vigilius Reigned 537-55, date of birth unknown; died at Syracuse, 7 June 555. He belonged to a ...
Vigilius, Saint St. Vigilius (Bishop of Trent) Bishop of Trent, martyr, patron of Trent and of Tyrol, b. c. 353; d. 26 June, 405; feast 26 ...
Vignola, Giacomo Barozzi da Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola A theoretical and practical architect of the Transition Period between the Renaissance and ...
Vigor, Simon Simon Vigor French bishop and controversialist, b. at Evreux, Normandy, about 1515; d. at Carcassonne, 1 ...
Vikings Northmen (Vikings) The Scandinavians who, in the ninth and tenth centuries, first ravaged the coasts of Western ...
Villalpandus, Juan Bautista Juan Bautista Villalpandus Born at Cordova, Spain, in 1552; entered the Society of Jesus in 1575; died on 22 May, 1608. His ...
Villani, Giovanni Giovanni Villani Florentine historian, b. about 1276; d. of the plague in 1348. Descended from a wealthy family ...
Villanovanus, Arnaldus Arnaldus Villanovanus (ARNALDUS OF VILLANUEVA, or VILLENEUVE, or BACHUONE). Celebrated in his day as a physician, ...
Villefranche, Jacques-Melchior Jacques-Melchior Villefranche Publicist, b. at Couzon-sur-Saone, 17 Dec., 1829; d. at Bourg, 10 May, 1904. After excellent ...
Villehardouin, Geoffroi de Geoffroi de Villehardouin Maréchal de Champagne, warrior, and first historian in the French language, b. about 1150; ...
Villeneuve-Barcement, Jean-Paul-Alban Jean-Paul-Alban Villeneuve-Barcement Vicomte de, b. at Saint-Auban, Var, 8 Aug., 1784; d. at Paris, 8 June, 1850. After having taken ...
Villermé, Louis-René Louis-Rene Villerme French economist, b. at Paris, 10 March, 1782; d. there, 16 Nov., 1863. He was devoted to ...
Villers, Cistercian Abbey of Cistercian Abbey of Villers Situated on the confines of Villers and Tilly, Duchy of Brabant, present Diocese of Namur ...
Vilna Vilna (VILENSIS). Vilna, the capital of Lithuania, is situated at the junction of the Rivers ...
Vincent de Paul, Saint St. Vincent de Paul Born at Pouy, Gascony, France, in 1580, though some authorities have said 1576; died at Paris, ...
Vincent de Paul, Sisters of Charity of Saint Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul A congregation of women with simple vows, founded in 1633 and devoted to corporal and ...
Vincent de Paul, Sisters of Charity of Saint (New York) Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul (New York) (Motherhouse at Mt. St. Vincent-on Hudson, New York; not to be confused with the Sisters of ...
Vincent de Paul, Society of Saint Society of Saint Vincent de Paul An international association of Catholic laymen engaging systematically in personal service of ...
Vincent Ferrer, Saint St. Vincent Ferrer Famous Dominican missionary, born at Valencia, 23 January, 1350; died at Vannes, Brittany, 5 ...
Vincent Kadlubek, Blessed Blessed Vincent Kadlubek (KADLUBO, KADLUBKO). Bishop of Cracow, chronicler, b. at Karnow, Duchy of Sandomir, Poland, ...
Vincent of Beauvais Vincent of Beauvais Priest and encyclopedist. Little is known of his personal history. The years of his birth and ...
Vincent of Lérins, Saint St. Vincent of Lerins Feast on 24 May, an ecclesiastical writer in Southern Gaul in the fifth century. His work is ...
Vincent, Saint St. Vincent (MALDEGARIUS). Founder and abbot of the monasteries of Hautmont and Soignies, b. of a noble ...
Vincent, Saint St. Vincent Deacon of Saragossa, and martyr under Diocletian, 304; mentioned in the Roman Martyrology, 22 ...
Vincentians Congregation of the Mission (Vincentians) A congregation of secular priests with religious vows founded by St. Vincent de Paul. The ...
Vincenzo de Vit Vincenzo de Vit Latinist, b. at Mestrina, near Padua, 10 July, 1810; d. at Domo d'Ossola, 17 Aug., 1892. He made ...
Vinci, Leonardo di Ser Piero da Leonardo da Vinci (LEONARDO DI SER PIERO DA VINCI) Florentine painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and ...
Vindicianus, Saint St. Vindicianus Bishop of Cambrai - Arras, b. if tradition is to be believed, perhaps at Beaulaincourt, near ...
Vineam Domini Vineam Domini An Apostolic Constitution issued by Clement XI against the Jansenists on 16 July, 1705. It ...
Violence Violence Violence ( Latin vis ), an impulse from without tending to force one without any concurrence on ...
Viotti, Giovanni Battista Giovanni Battista Viotti Founder of the modern school of violinist, b. at Fontanetto, Piedmont, 23 May, 173; d. 3 ...
Viraggio, Jacopo di Bl. Jacopo de Voragine (Di Viraggio) ( Also DI VIRAGGIO). Archbishop of Genoa and medieval hagiologist, born at Viraggio (now ...
Virgilius, Saint Saint Virgilius (VIRGILE). Archbishop of Arles, died c. 610. According to a life written in the eighth ...
Virgin Birth of Christ Virgin Birth of Christ The dogma which teaches that the Blessed Mother of Jesus Christ was a virgin before, during, ...
Virgin Mary, Devotion to the Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary Down to the Council of Nicaea Devotion to Our Blessed Lady in its ultimate analysis must be ...
Virgin Mary, Name of The Name of Mary The Blessed Virgin Mary is the mother of Jesus Christ, the mother of God. The Hebrew ...
Virgin Mary, The The Blessed Virgin Mary The Blessed Virgin Mary is the mother of Jesus Christ, the mother of God. In general, the ...
Virginia Virginia Surnamed "The Old Dominion", "The Mother of States and of Statesmen", one of the thirteen original ...
Virginity Virginity Morally, virginity signifies the reverence for bodily integrity which is suggested by a virtuous ...
Virtue Virtue The subject will be treated under the following heads: I. Definitions; II. Subjects; III. ...
Virtue, Heroic Heroic Virtue The notion of heroicity is derived from hero, originally a warrior, a demigod; hence it connotes a ...
Vischer, Peter Peter Vischer Sculptor and metal founder, b. at Nuremberg about 1460; d. in 1529. His father Hermann, who ...
Visdelou, Claude de Claude de Visdelou Born at the Château de Bienassis, Pléneuf, Brittany, 122 Aug., 1656; died at ...
Visigoths Visigoths One of the two principal branches of the Goths. Until 375 their history is combined with that of ...
Visions Visions and Apparitions This article will deal not with natural but with supernatural visions, that is, visions due to ...
Visit ad Limina Visit Ad Limina (Sc. Apostolorum ) The visit ad limina means, technically, the obligation incumbent on ...
Visitation Convent, Georgetown The Visitation Convent (Georgetown) Located in the District of Columbia , United States of America . This convent was founded by ...
Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary I. THE EVENT Assuming that the Annunciation and the Incarnation took place about the vernal ...
Visitation Order Visitation Order The nuns of the Visitation of Mary, called also Filles de Sainte-Marie, Visitandines, and ...
Visitation, Canonical Canonical Visitation The act of an ecclesiastical superior who in the discharge of his office visits persons or ...
Visitors Apostolic Visitors Apostolic Officials whom canonists commonly class with papal legates. Visitors differ from other Apostolic ...
Visits to the Blessed Sacrament Visits To the Blessed Sacrament By this devotional practice, which is of comparatively modern development, the presence of ...
Vitalian, Pope Saint Pope St. Vitalian (Reigned 657-72). Date of birth unknown; d. 27 January, 672. Nothing is known of Vitalian's ...
Vitalini, Bonifazio Bonifazio Vitalini (DE VITALINIS). Jurist, b. at Mantua, Italy, about 1320; d. at Avignon after 1388. After ...
Vitalis and Agricola, Saints Sts. Vitalis and Agricola Martyred at Bologna about 304 during Diocletian's persecution. Agricola, who was beloved for ...
Vitalis of Savigny, Saint St. Vitalis of Savigny Founder of the monastery and Congregation of Savigny (1112), b. at Tierceville near Bayeaux ...
Vitalis, Saint St. Vitalis Martyr. His legend, which is of little historical value, relates that he was martyred by order ...
Vitelleschi, Muzio Muzio Vitelleschi Born at Rome 2 Dec., 1563; died there 9 Feb., 1645. He belonged to a distinguished family but ...
Vitellius, Lucius Lucius Vitellius Proclaimed Roman Emperor by the soldiers at Cologne during the civil war of A.D. 69; d. at Rome, ...
Vitensis, Victor Victor Vitensis An African bishop of the Province of Byzacena (called VITENSIS from his See of Vita), b. ...
Viterbo and Toscanella Viterbo and Toscanella (VITERBIENSIS ET TUSCANENSIS). The city of Viterbo in the Province of Rome stands at the foot ...
Vitoria Vitoria (VICTORIENSIS). Diocese ; suffragan of Burgos, in Spain, bounded on the north by the Bay of ...
Vittorino da Feltre Vittorino Da Feltre (VITTORINO DE' RAMBALDONI). Humanist educator, b. at Feltre, 1397; d. at Mantua, 1446. He was ...
Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia, Saints Sts. Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia According to the legend, martyrs under Diocletian ; feast, 15 June. The earliest testimony for ...
Viva, Domenico Domenico Viva Writer, b. at Lecce, 19 Oct., 1648; d. 5 July, 1726. He entered the Society of Jesus 12 May, ...
Vivarini Vivarini (Family of Painters) A family of Italian painters. Alvise Vivarini Born in 1446 or 1447; died in 1502. He was the ...
Vives, Juan Luis Juan Luis Vives Spanish humanist and philosopher, b. at Valencia, 6 March, 1492; d. at Bruges, 6 May, 1540. ...
Viviers Viviers (VIVARIUM). Diocese ; includes the Department of Ardèche, France. It was suppressed ...
Vivisection Moral Aspect of Vivisection Defined literally the word vivisection signifies the dissection of living creatures; ordinarily it ...
Vizagapatam, Diocese of Vizagapatam Located in the east of India, suffragan to Madras. It is bounded on the north by the River ...
Vizeu Vizeu (VISENSIS). Diocese in north central Portugal. The bishopric dates from the sixth century and ...
Vladimir the Great, Saint St. Vladimir the Great (VLADIMIR or VOLODOMIR). Grand Duke of Kieff and All Russia, grandson of St. Olga, and the ...
Vocation, Ecclesiastical and Religious Ecclesiastical and Religious Vocation An ecclesiastical or religious vocation is the special gift of those who, in the Church of God, ...
Vogüé, Eugène-Melchior, Vicomte de Eugene-Melchior, Vicomte de Vogue Critic, novelist, and historian, born at Nice, 25 February, 1848; died in Paris, 24 February, ...
Vogler, George Joseph George Joseph Vogler Theorist, composer and organist, b. at Würzburg, 15 June 1749, d. at Darmstadt, 6 May, ...
Volk, Wilhelm Wilhelm Volk (Pseudonym, LUDWIG CLARUS). Born at Halberstadt 25 Jan., 1804; died at Erfurt 17 March, 1869. ...
Volksverein Volksverein (PEOPLE'S UNION) FOR CATHOLIC GERMANY. A large and important organization of German Catholics ...
Volta, Alessandro Alessandro Volta Physicist, b. at Como, 18 Feb., 1745; d. there, 5 March, 1827. As his parents were not in ...
Volterra Volterra (VOLTARRANENSIS). Diocese in Tuscany. The city stands on a rocky mountain 1770 feet above the ...
Volterra, Daniele da Daniele Da Volterra (RICCIARELLI). Italian painter, b. at Volterra, 1509; d. in Rome, 1566. Ricciarelli was called ...
Voluntarism Voluntarism Voluntarism ( Latin voluntas , will) in the modern metaphysical sense is a theory which ...
Voluntary Voluntary Wilful, proceeding from the will. It is requisite that the thing be an effect of the will ...
Voluntary Association, Right of Right of Voluntary Association I. LEGAL RIGHT A voluntary association means any group of individuals freely united for the ...
Von Gagern, Max, Freiherr Freiherr Max von Gagern Born at Weilburg (in Nassau), Germany, 25 March, 1810; died at Vienna, 17 October, 1889. He was ...
Vondel, Joost van Den Joost van Den Vondel Netherland poet and convert, b. at Cologne, 17 Nov., 1587, of parents whose residence was ...
Voragine, Jacopo de Bl. Jacopo de Voragine (Di Viraggio) ( Also DI VIRAGGIO). Archbishop of Genoa and medieval hagiologist, born at Viraggio (now ...
Votive Mass Votive Mass ( Missa votiva ) A Mass offered for a votum , a special intention. So we frequently find ...
Votive Offerings Votive Offerings The general name given to those things vowed or dedicated to God, or a saint, and in ...
Votive Offices Votive Offices A votive office is one not entered in the general calendar, but adopted with a view to satisfying ...
Vows Vows I. GENERAL VIEW A vow is defined as a promise made to God. The promise is binding, and so differs ...
Vrau, Philibert Philibert Vrau "The holy man of Lille ", organizer of numerous Catholic activities; b. at Lille, 19 Nov., ...
Vrie, Theodoric Theodoric Vrie Historian of the Council of Constance . He describes himself as a brother of the Order of ...
Vulgate, Revision of Revision of Vulgate In the spring of 1907 the public press announced that Pius X had determined to begin preparations ...

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