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The Diocese of Arequipa

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Suffragan of the Archdiocese of Lima, Peru , was erected by Gregory XIII , 15 April, 1577, at the request of Philip II, who had asked for three Peruvian dioceses under royal patronage. The population in 1901 was 35,000. It has a cathedral dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, a Jesuit college, a hospital, and several convents. Arequipa is the second city in Peru. It is near the volcanic peak of the Andes called Misti, and in 1868 suffered earthquake shocks which destroyed most of the buildings and killed 6000 people. Arequipa was founded by Pizarro.

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Tænarum Taenarum (Greece) Tænarum, a titular see in Greece, suffragan of Corinth. Tænarum, or Tænarus, ...
Téllez, Gabriel Gabriel Tellez Spanish priest and poet, better known by his pseudonym of Tirso de Molina, b. at Madrid, c. ...
Tübingen, University of University of Tubingen Located in Würtemberg ; founded by Count Eberhard im Bart on 3 July, 1477, after Pope ...
Tabæ Tabae (Caria) Titular see in Caria, suffragan of Stauropolis ; according to Strabo (XII, 570, 576) it was ...
Tabasco Tabasco (Mexico) (TABASQUENSIS) Diocese in the Republic of Mexico, suffragan of the Archbishopric of ...
Tabb, John Bannister John Bannister Tabb An American poet and educator, born at "The Forest" near Richmond, 1845; died at Ellicott City, ...
Tabbora Tabbora A titular see in Africa Proconsularis, suffragan of Carthage. Tabbora or Talbora has been ...
Tabernacle Tabernacle (TABERNACULUM). Tabernacle signified in the Middle Ages sometimes a ciborium-altar, a ...
Tabernacle Tabernacle (Latin tabernaculum , tent). Tabernacle in Biblical parlance usually designates the ...
Tabernacle Lamp Altar Lamp In the Old Testament God commanded that a lamp filled with the purest oil of olives should ...
Tabernacle Societies Tabernacle Societies The Association of Perpetual Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament and of work for poor churches ...
Tabernacle Society Tabernacle Society Notre Dame Convent, Philadelphia; a society of persons affiliated with the Association of ...
Tabernacles, Feast of Feast of Tabernacles One of the three great feasts of the Hebrew liturgical calendar, even the greatest, according ...
Tabor, Mount Mount Thabor The name of Mount Thabor, , is rendered in the Septuagint as , and in Jeremias and Osee ...
Tacana Indians Tacana Indians The collective designation for a group of tribes constituting the Tacanan linguistic stock in ...
Tacapæ Tacapae Titular see of Tripolitana in northern Africa. The official list of titular sees of the ...
Taché, Alexandre-Antonin Alexandre-Antonin Tache First Archbishop of St. Boniface, Manitoba, missionary, prelate, statesman, and writer of ...
Taché, Etienne-Pascal Etienne-Pascal Tache Statesman, b. at St. Thomas (Montmagny, Province of Quebec ), 5 Sept., 1795, son of Charles, and ...
Tadama Tadama A titular see in Mauretania Cæsariensis, of which nothing, is known. Its bishop David is ...
Taensa Indians Taensa Indians A tribe of Muskhogean stock and somewhat superior culture, living when first known on the west ...
Tahiti Tahiti Tahiti, the most important of the Society Islands, has an area of 600 square miles and a ...
Taigi, Ven. Anna Maria Ven. Anna Maria Taigi ( Maiden name Giannetti.) Venerable Servant of God, born at Siena, Italy, 29 May, 1769; ...
Tait Indians Tait Indians ( Te-it , "Those up river"). A collective term for those members of the Cowichan tribe, of ...
Takkali Takkali (More proper Takhehi, plural Takhehlne). The hybrid name by which the Carrier Indians of the ...
Talbot, James James Talbot Fourth son of George Talbot and brother of the fourteenth Earl of Shrewsbury (b. 1726; d. ...
Talbot, John John Talbot English Catholic layman, b. 1535(?); d. 1607(?). Only son and heir of Sir John Talbot, of ...
Talbot, Peter Peter Talbot Archbishop of Dublin, 1669-1680; b. at Malahide, Dublin, in 1620. At an early age he entered ...
Talbot, Thomas Joseph Thomas Talbot Born 14 February, 1727; died at Hotwells, near Bristol, 24 April, 1795. Brother of the fourteenth ...
Tallagaht, Monastery of Monastery of Tallagaht The name Tallaght (Irish Tamlachta ), derived from tam , plague, and lecht , stone ...
Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles-Maurice de Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord Prince of Benevento, Bishop of Autun, French minister and ambassador, born in Paris, 13 ...
Tallis, Thomas Thomas Tallis English composer, born about 1514; died 23 November, 1585. He was a chorister at Saint ...
Talmud Talmud 1. DEFINITION Talmud was a post-Biblical substantive formation of Pi'el ("to teach"), and ...
Talon, Jean Jean Talon First intendant in exercise of New France , b. at Châlons-sur-Marne, 1625, of Philippe ...
Talon, Nicolas Nicolas Talon French Jesuit, historian, and ascetical writer, b. at Moulins, 31 August, 1605; d. at Paris, 29 ...
Talon, Pierre Pierre Talon A French-Canadian explorer, b. at Quebec, 1676, of Lucien and Isabelle Planteau; d. in France ...
Tamanac Indians Tamanac Indians A formerly important tribe of Cariban linguistic stock occupying the territory about the Cuchivero ...
Tamassus Tamassus (Cyprus) A titular see in Cyprus, suffragan of Salamis, was situated in the great central plain of the ...
Tamaulipas Tamaulipas (CIVTTATIS VICTORIÆ SIVE TAMAULIPENSIS) Diocese in the Mexican Republic, suffragan of ...
Tamburini, Michelangelo Michelangelo Tamburini Fourteenth General of the Society of Jesus , born at Modena, 27 Sept., 1648; died 28 Feb., ...
Tamburini, Thomas Thomas Tamburini Moral theologian, born at Caltanisetta in Sicily, 6 March, 1591; died at Palermo 10 October, ...
Tametsi Tametsi ("ALTHOUGH") The first word of Chapter 1, Session 24 ( De Ref. Matr. ), of the Council of ...
Tamisier, Marie-Marthe-Baptistine Marie-Marthe-Baptistine Tamisier (Called by her intimates EMILIA) Initiator of international Eucharistic congresses, born at ...
Tanagra Tanagra (Hellas) A titular see in Hellas, suffragan of Corinth ; it was a town of Bœotia, in a fertile ...
Tancred Tancred, Prince of Antioch Prince of Antioch, born about 1072; died at Antioch, 12 Dec., 1112. He was the son of Marquess ...
Taney, Roger Brooke Roger Brooke Taney (Pronounced Tawney ) Fifth chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, ...
Tanguay, Cyprien Cyprien Tanguay Genealogist, born at Quebec, 1819; died 1902. After a course of classics and theology at Quebec ...
Tanis Tanis A titular see, suffragan of Pelusium in Augustamnica Prima, capital of the fourteenth district ...
Tanner, Adam Adam Tanner Controversialist, born at Innsbruck in 1571; died at Unken, 25 May, 1632. He entered the Society ...
Tanner, Conrad Conrad Tanner Abbot of Einsiedeln, born at Arth in the Canton of Schwyz, 28 Dec., 1752; died 7 April, 1825. He ...
Tanner, Edmund Edmund Tanner Bishop of Cork and Cloyne, Ireland, 1574-1579; born about 1526; died 1579. The statement in ...
Tanner, Matthias Matthias Tanner Born at Pilsen in Bohemia, 28 Feb., 1630; died at Prague, 8 Feb., 1692. He entered the Society ...
Tantum Ergo Tantum Ergo The opening words of the penultimate stanza of the Vesper hymn (see PANGE LINGUA GLORIOSI, II) ...
Tanucci, Bernardo Bernardo Tanucci Marchese, Italian statesman, born at Stia in Tuscany, of poor family, in 1698 died at Naples, 29 ...
Taoism Taoism (TAO-KIAO.) Taoism is the second of the three state religions ( San-kiao ) of China. ...
Taos Pueblo Taos Pueblo An important town of the Pueblo group, inhabited by Indians speaking the Tigua language of ...
Taparelli, Aloysius Aloysius Taparelli (D'AZEGLIO, christened PROSPERO) Philosopher and writer on sociological subjects, born at ...
Tapestry Tapestry A word of French origin naming a fabric in which the two processes of weaving and embroidering ...
Tapis, Esteban Esteban Tapis Born at Santa Coloma de Farnes, Catalonia, Spain, 25 Aug., 1754; died 3 Nov., 1825. He entered ...
Tarabotti, Helena Helena Tarabotti Nun and authoress, b. at Venice, 1605; d. there 1652. Obliged by her father, who was descended ...
Tarachus, Probus, and Andronicus, Saints Sts. Tarachus, Probus, and Andronicus Martyrs of the Diocletian persecution (about 304). The "Martyrologium Hieronymian." contains the ...
Taranto Taranto DIOCESE OF TARANTO (TARENTINA) Diocese in southern Italy, on a bay in the Gulf of Taranto. The ...
Tarapacá Tarapaca VICARIATE APOSTOLIC OF TARAPACA (DE TARAPACA). Situated in Chile, bounded on the north by the ...
Tarasius, Saint St. Tarasius Patriarch of Constantinople, date of birth unknown; died 25 February, 806. He was the son of the ...
Tarazona Tarazona DIOCESE OF TARAZONA (TURIASONENSIS) The Diocese of Tarazona comprises the Spanish provinces of ...
Tarbes Tarbes DIOCESE OF TARBES (TARBIA) The Diocese of Tarbes comprises the Department of the ...
Tarentaise Tarentaise (TARANTASIENSIS) Tarentaise comprises the arrondissement of Moutiers in the Department of ...
Targum Targum Targum is the distinctive designation of the Aramaic translations or paraphrases of the Old ...
Tarisel, Pierre Pierre Tarisel Master-mason to the king, b. about 1442; d. in August, 1510. (In 1555 the title of architect was ...
Tarkin, Saint St. Tarkin (Talarican.) Bishop of Sodor (including the western islands of Scotland ), was probably of ...
Tarnow Tarnow DIOCESE OF TARNOW (TARNOVIENSIS). Diocese in western Galicia, Austria. The See of Posen, ...
Tarquini, Camillus Camillus Tarquini Cardinal, Jesuit canonist and archaeologist, b. at Marta in the diocese of Montefiascone, ...
Tarragona Tarragona ARCHDIOCESE OF TARRAGONA (TARRACONENSIS) Bounded on the north by Barcelona and Lérida, ...
Tarsicius, Saint St. Tarsicius Martyr. The only positive information concerning this Roman martyr is found in the poem composed ...
Tarsus Tarsus A metropolitan see of Cilicia Prima. It appears to have been of Semitic origin and is ...
Tartaglia, Nicolò Nicolo Tartaglia (T ARTALEA ). Italian mathematician, b. at Brescia, c. 1500; d. at Venice, 13 December, ...
Tartini, Giuseppe Giuseppe Tartini Violinist, composer, and theorist, b. at Pirano, Italy, 12 April, 1692; d. at Padua, 16 Feb., ...
Taschereau, Elzéar-Alexandre Elzear-Alexandre Taschereau Archbishop of Quebec and first Canadian cardinal, b. 17 February, 1820, at la Beauce, Province ...
Tassé, Joseph Joseph Tasse Writer and journalist, born at Montreal, 23 Oct., 1848; died 17 Jan., 1895; son of Joseph, and ...
Tassach, Saint St. Tassach Irish saint, born in the first decade of the fifth century; died about 497. He was one of St. ...
Tassin, René-Prosper Rene-Prosper Tassin French historian, belonging to the Benedictine Congregation of Saint-Maur, born at Lonlay, in ...
Tasso, Torquato Torquato Tasso Italian poet, born at Sorrento near Naples in 1544; died at Rome, in 1595; son of Bernardo ...
Tassoni, Alessandro Alessandro Tassoni Italian poet, born at Modena in 1565; died there in 1635. He spent his life in the service of ...
Tatian Tatian A second-century apologist about whose antecedents and early history nothing can be affirmed ...
Tatwin, Saint Saint Tatwin (TATUINI) Archbishop of Canterbury ; died 30 July, 734. A Mercian by birth, he became a ...
Taubaté Taubate (DE TAUBATÉ) Diocese in Brazil, South America, established on 29 April, 1908, as a ...
Tauler, John John Tauler German Dominican, one of the greatest mystics and preachers of the Middle Ages, born at ...
Taunton, Ethelred Ethelred Taunton Writer, born at Rugeley, Staffordshire, England, 17 Oct., 1857; died in London, 9 May, 1907. He ...
Taverner, John John Taverner Composer, b. in the County of Norfolk, England, about 1475; d. at Boston, England, 1535 or 1536. ...
Tavistock Abbey Tavistock Abbey Tavistock Abbey, on the Tavy River in Devonshire, England, founded for Benedictine monks in ...
Tavium Tavium A titular see in Galatia Prima, suffragan of Ancyra. Tavium, or Tavia, was the chief city of ...
Taxa Innocentiana Taxa Innocentiana A Decree issued by Innocent XI, 1 Oct., 1678, regulating the fees that may be demanded or ...
Taxster, John de John de Taxster (TAYSTER) John de Taxster, sometimes erroneously called Taxter or Taxston, was a ...
Taylor, Frances Margaret Frances Margaret Taylor (MOTHER M. MAGDALEN TAYLOR) Superior General, and foundress of the Poor Servants of the Mother ...
Taylor, Ven. Hugh Ven. Hugh Taylor English martyr, born at Durham ; hanged, drawn, and quartered at York, 25 (not 26) November, ...
Te Deum, The Te Deum An abbreviated title commonly given both to the original Latin text and the translations of a ...
Te Lucis Ante Terminum Te Lucis Ante Terminum The hymn at Compline in the Roman Breviary. The authorship of St. Ambrose, for which Pimont ...
Tebaldeo, Antonio Antonio Tebaldeo Italian poet, born at Ferrara, in 1463; died in 1537. His family name (Tebaldi) he changed to ...
Tegernsee Tegernsee Called Tegrinseo in 817, Tegernsee in 754. A celebrated Benedictine abbey of Bavaria that ...
Tehuantepec Tehuantepec (Tehuantepecensis) Diocese in the Republic of Mexico, suffragan of Oaxaca. Its area covers ...
Teilo, Saint St. Teilo (Eliud.) "Archbishop" of Llandaff, born at Eccluis Gunniau, near Tenby, Pembrokeshire; died at ...
Tekakwitha, Blessed Kateri Bl. Kateri Tekakwitha (Also known as Catherine Tegakwitha/Takwita.) Known as the "Lily of the Mohawks", and the ...
Teleology Teleology (From Greek telos , end, and logos , science). Teleology is seldom used according to its ...
Telepathy Telepathy ( tele , far, and pathein , to experience) A term introduced by F.W.H. Myers in 1882 to ...
Telese Telese (TELESINENSIS) Telese, a small town in the Province of Benevento, Southern Italy, is situated ...
Telesio, Bernardino Bernardino Telesio Italian humanist and philosopher born of a noble family at Cosenza, near Naples, 1508; died ...
Telesphorus of Cosenza Telesphorus of Cosenza (THEOPHORUS, THEOLOPHORUS). A name assumed by one of the pseudo-prophets during the time of ...
Telesphorus, Pope Saint Pope St. Telesphorus (Lived about 125-136.) St. Telesphorus was the seventh Roman bishop in succession from the ...
Tell el-Amarna Tablets, The The Tell El-Amarna Tablets The Tell el-Amarna Tablets are a collection of some 350 clay tablets found in 1887 amid the ruins ...
Tellier, Michel Le Michel Le Tellier Born 19 April, 1603; died at Paris, 30 Oct., 1685. He was commissioned by Cardinal Mazarin to ...
Telmessus Telmessus Titular see in Lycia, suffragan of Myra. Telmessus (or incorrectly Telmissis) was a flourishing ...
Temiskaming Temiskaming The Vicariate Apostolic of Temiskaming, suffragan of Ottawa, Canada, is bounded on the north by ...
Temnus Temnus A titular see in Asia, a suffragan of Ephesus. Temnus was a little town of Æolia, near ...
Tempel, Wilhelm Wilhelm Tempel (ERNEST LEBERECHT) German astronomer, b. 4 December, 1821, at (Nieder-) Cunnersdorf near ...
Temperance Temperance (Latin temperare , to mingle in due proportions; to qualify). Temperance is here considered ...
Temperance Movements Temperance Movements EUROPE Reasons for a temperance movement exist to a greater or less degree in all the countries ...
Templars, The Knights The Knights Templar The Knights Templars were the earliest founders of the military orders, and are the type on which ...
Temple Temple The Latin form, templum , from which the English temple is derived, originally signified an ...
Temple of Jerusalem Temple of Jerusalem The word "temple" is derived from the Latin templum , signifying an uncovered place affording a ...
Temple, Sisters of the Sisters of the Temple The Sisters of the Temple (whose full title is S ISTERS OF THE F INDING OF J ESUS IN THE T ...
Temptation Temptation ( Latin tentare , to try or test). Temptation is here taken to be an incitement to sin ...
Temptation of Christ Temptation of Christ In the Catholic translation of the Bible , the word "temptation" is used in various senses, ...
Ten Commandments, The The Ten Commandments Called also simply THE COMMANDMENTS, COMMANDMENTS OF GOD, or THE DECALOGUE (Gr. deka , ten, ...
Ten Thousand Martyrs, The The Ten Thousand Martyrs On two days is a group of ten thousand martyrs mentioned in the Roman Martyrology. On 18 March: ...
Tencin, Pierre-Guérin de Pierre-Guerin Tencin French statesman and cardinal, b. at Grenoble, 22 August, 1680; d. at Lyons, 2 March, 1758. ...
Tenebræ Tenebrae Tenebræ is the name given to the service of Matins and Lauds belonging to the last three ...
Tenebrae Hearse Tenebrae Hearse The Tenebræ Hearse is the triangular candlestick used in the Tenebræ service. The ...
Tenedos Tenedos A titular see, suffragan of Rhodes in the Cyclades. The island, called in Turkish ...
Teneriffe Teneriffe DIOCESE OF TENERIFFE (TENERIFENSIS). Suffragan of Seville, formerly called Nivariensis from ...
Teniers, David David Teniers The name of two eminent Flemish landscape painters ; the elder, born at Antwerp in 1582; ...
Tennessee Tennessee The State of Tennessee lies between 35° and 36°30' N. lat. and 81°37' and 90°38' ...
Tenney, William Jewett William Jewett Tenney An author, editor, born at Newport, Rhode Island, 1814; died at Newark, New Jersey, 20 Sept., ...
Tentyris Tentyris (TENTYRA) Seat of a titular suffragan see of Ptolemais in Thebaid Secunda. The city was ...
Tenure, Ecclesiastical Ecclesiastical Tenure I. In the feudal system an ecclesiastical fief followed all the laws laid down for temporal ...
Teos Teos Titular see ; suffragan of Ephesus in Asia Minor. A city of Caria situated on a peninsula ...
Tepic Tepic DIOCESE OF TEPIC (TEPICENSIS) A diocese of the Mexican Republic, suffragan of the ...
Tepl Tepl A Premonstratensian abbey in the western part of Bohemia, included in the Archdiocese of Prague ...
Teramo Teramo Diocese in southern Italy. In the past the city was injured by earthquakes. It is situated at ...
Terce Terce The origin of Terce, like that of Sext and None, to which it bears a close relationship, dates ...
Terenuthis Terenuthis Titular see, suffragan of Antinoë in Thebais Prima. Le Quien (Oriens christ., II, 611) ...
Teresa of Avila, Saint St. Teresa of Jesus (Teresa of Avila) Teresa Sanchez Cepeda Davila y Ahumada Born at Avila, Old Castile, 28 March, 1515; died at ...
Teresa of Lisieux, Saint Saint Therese of Lisieux (Sister Teresa of the Child Jesus) Carmelite of Lisieux, better known as the Little Flower of ...
Teresian Martyrs of Compiègne, The Sixteen Blessed The Martyrs of Compiegne Guillotined at the Place du Trône Renversé (now called Place de la Nation), Paris, 17 ...
Terill, Anthony Anthony Terill (Bonville) English theologian, b. at Canford, Dorsetshire, in 1623; d. at Liège, 11 Oct., 1676. His ...
Termessus Termessus A titular see, suffragan of Perge in Pamphylia Secunda. This is one of the most ancient cities ...
Termoli Termoli (THERMULARUM) Located on the Italian coast of the Adriatic, having a small harbour near the ...
Ternan, Saint St. Ternan Bishop of the Picts, flourished in the sixth century. Much obscurity attaches to his history, and ...
Terracina, Sezze, and Piperno Terracina, Sezze, and Piperno (TERRACINENSIS, SETINENSIS ET PRIVERNENSIS) Located in the Province of Rome. The city of ...
Terrasson, André Andre Terrason A French preacher, born at Lyons in 1669; died at Paris, 25 April, 1723. He was the eldest son ...
Terrestrial Paradise The Garden of Eden ( paradeisos , Paradisus ). The name popularly given in Christian tradition to the ...
Terrien, Jean-Baptiste Jean-Baptiste Terrien Dogmatic theologian, born at St-Laurent-des-Autels, Maine-et-Loire, 26 Aug., 1832; d. at ...
Tertiaries Tertiaries (From the Latin tertiarius , the relative adjective of tertius , third ). Tertiaries, or ...
Tertullian Tertullian (Q UINTUS S EPTIMIUS F LORENS T ERTULLIANUS ). Ecclesiastical writer in the second and ...
Teruel Teruel (TUROLENSIS) A suffragan of Saragossa, comprises the civil province of the same name, ...
Test-Oath, Missouri Missouri Test-Oath In January, 1865, there assembled in St. Louis, Missouri, a "Constitutional Convention" composed ...
Testament, New New Testament I. Name ; II. Description ; III. Origin ; IV. Transmission of the Text ; V. Contents, History, ...
Testament, Old Old Testament I. NAME The word "testament", Hebrew berîth , Greek diatheke , primarily signifies the ...
Testem Benevolentiae Testem Benevolentiae An Apostolic Letter of Leo XIII addressed to Cardinal Gibbons, 22 January, 1899. It opens by ...
Tetzel, Johann Johann Tetzel First public antagonist of Luther, b. at Pirna in Meissen, 1465; d. at Leipzig, 11 Aug., 1519. ...
Teuchira Teuchira A titular see in Libyan Pentapolis. Teuchira ( Teucheira ) neuter plural, was a city on the ...
Teutonic Order Teutonic Order A medieval military order modelled on the Hospitallers of St. John, which changed its residence ...
Tewdrig Tewdrig (THEODORIC) A Welsh saint, son of King Ceithfalt of Morganwg or Southern Wales, flourished ...
Texas Texas S TATE OF T EXAS . The name, Texas, is probably derived from Tejas, the name of a ...
Textual Criticism Biblical Criticism The object of textual criticism is to restore as nearly as possible the original text of a work ...
Thænæ Thaenae A titular see in Africa Byzacena. It is mentioned in numerous ancient geographical documents ...
Thébaud, Augustus Augustus Thebaud Jesuit educator and publicist, b. at Nantes, France, 20 Nov., 1807; d. at St. John's College, ...
Thénard, Louis-Jacques, Baron Baron Louis-Jacques Thenard Chemist, b. at Louptière, near Nogent-sur-Seine, Aube, France, on 4 May, 1777; d. at Paris, ...
Théophane Vénard Bl. Theophane Venard (JEAN-THÉOPHANE V&Eaucte;NARD.) French missionary, born at St-Loup, Diocese of ...
Thérèse of Lisieux, Saint Saint Therese of Lisieux (Sister Teresa of the Child Jesus) Carmelite of Lisieux, better known as the Little Flower of ...
Thabor, Mount Mount Thabor The name of Mount Thabor, , is rendered in the Septuagint as , and in Jeremias and Osee ...
Thabraca Thabraca A titular see of Numidia near the sea, between the Armua and the Tusca. Thabraca was the last ...
Thacia Montana Thacia Montana A titular see in Africa Proconsularis, suffragan of Carthage. An inscription discovered in the ...
Thagaste Thagaste (TAGASTE) Thagaste, a titular see in Numidia, was a rather important municipality. It is ...
Thagora Thagora (Tagora) Titular see in Numidia, mentioned by the "Rabula Peutingeriana", which calls it ...
Thais, Saint Saint Thais (THAISIS or THAISIA). A penitent in Egypt in the fourth century. In the Greek menology her ...
Thalberg, Sigismond Sigismond Thalberg Musical composer and pianist, b. at Geneva, 1812; d. at Posilipo, Italy, 27 April, 1871. The ...
Thalhofer, Valentin Valentin Thalhofer German theologian, b. at Unterroth, near Ulm, 21 January, 1825; d. at the same place, 17 ...
Thangmar Thangmar (THANKMAR) Historian, b. about the middle of the tenth century; d. probably at Hildesheim ...
Thanksgiving before and after Meals Grace Before Meals The word grace , which, as applied to prayer over food, always in pre-Elizabethan English ...
Thanksgiving Day Thanksgiving Day A civil holiday observed annually in the United States of America on the last Thursday in ...
Thapsus Thapsus A titular see in Byzacene Africa. It was a Phoenician market on the coast of Byzacium in ...
Thasos Thasos A titular see in Macedonia, suffragan of Thessalonica. The island of Thasos was anciently ...
Thaumaci Thaumaci A titular see in Thessaly, suffragan of Larissa, commanding the defile of Coele at the ...
Thayer, John John Thayer Missionary, convert, first native of New England ordained to the priesthood, b. Boston, ...
Theatines Theatines (CLERICS REGULAR) A religious order of men, founded by Gaetano dei Conti di Tiene, Paolo ...
Theatre, The The Theatre Considering the tone of what is preserved to us of the works of the Greek tragedians and even of ...
Thebaid Thebaid The valley of the Nile, under Roman domination, was divided into four provinces: Lower and Upper ...
Thebes Thebes (Achaia Secunda) (THEBAE) A metropolitan titular see of Achaia Secunda. The city was founded by the ...
Thebes Thebes (Thebais Secunda) (THEBAE) Titular see of Thebais Secunda, suffragan of Ptolemais, and the seat of a Coptic ...
Thecla, Saint St. Thecla Benedictine Abbess of Kitzingen and Ochsenfurt; date of birth unknown; d. at Kitzingen about 790 ...
Thecla, Saints Sts. Thecla I. Thecla of Iconium The reputed pupil of the Apostle Paul , who is the heroine of the ...
Theft Theft Theft is the secret taking of another's property against the reasonable will of that other. ...
Thegan (Degan) of Treves Thegan Chronicler, d. about 850. Very little is known of his life; all that is certain is that he was ...
Theiner, Augustin Augustin Theiner Theologian and historian, b. at Breslau, 11 April, 1804; d. at Civitavecchia, 8 Aug., 1874. He was ...
Thelepte Thelepte A titular see in Byzacene. From an inscription we learn that it was a colony. An important ...
Themiscyra Themiscyra A titular see, suffragan of Amasea in the Hellespont. There was a town of this name near the ...
Themisonium Themisonium A titular see in Phrygia Pacatiana, suffragan of Laodicea. Themisonium was a city of Phrygia, ...
Thennesus Thennesus A titular suffragan see of Pelusium in Augustamnica Prima. Cassian (Collat., XI, 1-3) gives a ...
Theobald Theobald (T EDBALD .) Archbishop of Canterbury ; d. 18 April, 1161. He was a Norman by descent and ...
Theobald, Saint Saint Theobald Born at Provins in the Province of Champagne, France, in 1017; died at Salanigo in Italy 30 June, ...
Theocracy Theocracy A form of civil government in which God himself is recognized as the head. The laws of the ...
Theodard, Saint Saint Theodard Archbishop of Narbonne, b. at Montauban about 840; d. at the same place 1 May, 893. He seems to ...
Theodicy Theodicy Etymologically considered theodicy ( théos díe ) signifies the justification of ...
Theodore I, Pope Pope Theodore I Pope from 642 to 649; the date of his birth is unknown. He was a Greek of Jerusalem and the ...
Theodore II, Pope Pope Theodore II Son of Photius. His pontificate lasted only twenty days; neither the date of his birth nor of his ...
Theodore of Amasea, Saint St. Theodore of Amasea Surnamed Tyro (Tiro), not because he was a young recruit, but because for a time he belonged to ...
Theodore of Gaza Theodore of Gaza A fifteenth-century Greek Humanist and translator of Aristotle, b. at Thessalonica early in ...
Theodore of Studium, Saint Theodore of Studium A zealous champion of the veneration of images and the last geat representative of the unity ...
Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury Seventh Archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Tarsus in Cilicia about 602; d. at Canterbury 19 ...
Theodore, Bishop of Mopsuestia Theodore of Mopsuestia Bishop of Mopsuestia in Cilicia and ecclesiastical writer; b. at Antioch about 350 (thus also ...
Theodoret Theodoret Bishop of Cyrus and theologian, born at Antioch in Syria about 393; died about 457. He says ...
Theodoric (Thierry) of Chartres Theodoric (Thierry) of Chartres A Platonist philosopher of the twelfth century, b. in France at the beginning of the twelfth ...
Theodoric the Great Theodoric the Great King of the Ostrogoths, born A.D. 454 (?); died 26 August, 526. He was an illegitimate son of ...
Theodorus and Theophanes, Saints Sts. Theodorus and Theophanes (Called Grapti , "written upon", graptoi ) Theodorus, b. about 775; d. about 842-43; ...
Theodorus Lector Theodorus Lector A lector attached to the Church of St. Sophia of Constantinople in the early part of the sixth ...
Theodosiopolis Theodosiopolis A titular metropolitan see of Thracia Prima. In the beginning the city was called Apros, or ...
Theodosius Florentini Theodosius Florentini Born at Münster, in the Grisons, Switzerland, 23 May, 1808; died at Heiden, in Appenzell, ...
Theodosius I Theodosius I Roman Emperor (also known as Flavius Theodosius), born in Spain, about 346; died at Milan, 17 ...
Theodotus of Ancyra, Saint St. Theodotus of Ancyra Martyr. On 18 May the Roman Martyrology says: "At Ancyra, in Galatia, the martyr Saint Theodotus ...
Theodulf Theodulf (Theodulfus, Theodulfe), Bishop of Orléans, a writer skilled in poetic forms and a ...
Theology of Christ (Christology) Christology Christology is that part of theology which deals with Our Lord Jesus Christ. In its full extent ...
Theology, Ascetical Ascetical Theology Ascetics, as a branch of theology, may be briefly defined as the scientific exposition of ...
Theology, Dogmatic Dogmatic Theology Dogmatic theology is that part of theology which treats of the theoretical truths of faith ...
Theology, History of Dogmatic History of Dogmatic Theology The imposing edifice of Catholic theology has been reared not by individual nations and men, ...
Theology, Moral Moral Theology Moral theology is a branch of theology, the science of God and Divine things. The distinction ...
Theology, Mystical Mystical Theology Mystical theology is the science which treats of acts and experiences or states of the soul ...
Theology, Pastoral Pastoral Theology Pastoral theology is the science of the care of souls. This article will give the definition of ...
Theonas Theonas Bishop of Alexandria from about 283 to 301 ( Eusebius, "Chronicle", Ann. Abr. 2299, St. Jerome's ...
Theophanes Kerameus Theophanes Kerameus ( Kerameus , potter). Archbishop of Rossano in Calabria (1129-52), a celebrated homiletic ...
Theophanes, Saint St. Theophanes Chronicler, born at Constantinople, about 758; died in Samothracia, probably 12 March, 817, on ...
Theophilanthropists Theophilanthropists ("Friends of God and Man") A deistic sect formed in France during the latter part of the ...
Theophilus Theophilus Bishop of Antioch. Eusebius in his "Chronicle" places the name of Theophilus against that of ...
Theophilus Theophilus Patriarch of Alexandria (385-412). Concerning the extraction and early life of Theophilus we ...
Theosophy Theosophy ( Theosophia = "wisdom concerning God ") Theosophy is a term used in general to designate ...
Theotocopuli, Domenico El Greco One of the most remarkable Spanish artists, b. in Crete, between 1545 and 1550; d. at Toledo, 7 ...
Thera (Santorin) Thera DIOCESE OF THERA (SANTORINO) Diocese in the Cyclades. About the year 2000 B.C., the ...
Thermae Basilicae Thermae Basilicae A titular see in Cappadocia Prima, suffragan of Caesarea. The Greek "Notitiae episcopatuum" ...
Thermopylae Thermopylae A titular see and suffragan of Athens in Achaia Prima. It is the name of a defile about 4 ...
Thessalonians, Epistles to the Epistles to the Thessalonians Two of the canonical Epistles of St. Paul. This article will treat the Church of ...
Thessalonica Thessalonica (SALONIKI) Titular metropolis in Macedonia. It was at first a village called Alia, situated ...
Theveste Theveste Titular see of Numidia. The city seems to have had some importance even prior to Christianity. ...
Thibaris Thibaris Titular see in Byzacena ( Africa ), not mentioned by any ancient author. The official list of ...
Thibaut de Champagne Thibaut de Champagne Thibaut IV, count of Champagne and King of Navarre, a French poet, b. 1201, at Troyes ; d. 8 ...
Thierry of Freburg Thierry of Freiburg ( Or Thierry of Saxony). A philosopher and physician of the Middle Ages, and a member of ...
Thiers, Louis-Adolphe Louis-Adolphe Thiers French statesman and historian, first president of the Third French Republic, b. at Marseilles, ...
Thignica Thignica A titular see in Numidia. The Roman Curia's official list of titular sees places Thignica in ...
Thijm, Joseph Albert Alberdingk Joseph Albert Alberdingk Thijm Born at Amsterdam, 8 July, 1820; d. there, 17 March, 1889. After finishing his studies in his ...
Thijm, Peter Paul Maria Alberdingk Peter Paul Maria Alberdingk Thijm Brother of Joseph Alberdingk Thijm , b. at Amsterdam, 21 Oct., 1827, d. at Louvain, 1 Feb., ...
Thimelby, Richard Richard Thimelby ( Alias ASHBY) Missionary priest, b. in Lincolnshire, England, 1614; d. at St. Omer's, ...
Third Orders Third Orders I. GENERAL Third Orders signify in general lay members of religious orders, i.e. men and women ...
Thirty Years War The Thirty Years War The Thirty Years War (1618-48), though pre-eminently a German war, was also of great importance ...
Thmuis Thmuis A titular see in Augustamnica Prima, suffragan of Pelusium ; a city of Lower Egypt, on the ...
Thomas á Jesu Thomas a Jesu (Diaz Sanchez de Avila). Discalced Carmelite, writer on mystical theology, born at Baeza, ...
Thomas à Kempis Thomas a Kempis Author of the "Imitation of Christ" , born at Kempen in the Diocese of Cologne, in 1379 or 1380; ...
Thomas Abel, Blessed Blessed Thomas Abel (Also ABLE, or ABELL.) Priest and martyr, born about 1497; died 30 July, 1540. He was ...
Thomas Alfield, Venerable Ven. Thomas Alfield (AUFIELD, ALPHILDE, HAWFIELD, OFFELDUS; alias BADGER). Priest, born at Gloucestershire; ...
Thomas Aquinas, Saint St. Thomas Aquinas Philosopher, theologian, doctor of the Church ( Angelicus Doctor ), patron of Catholic ...
Thomas Atkinson, Venerable Ven. Thomas Atkinson Martyred at York, 11 March, l6l6. He was born in the East Riding of Yorkshire, was ordained ...
Thomas Becket, Saint St. Thomas Becket Martyr, Archbishop of Canterbury, born at London, 21 December, 1118 (?); died at Canterbury, 29 ...
Thomas Belchiam, Venerable Venerable Thomas Belchiam A Franciscan martyr in the reign of Henry VIII, date of birth uncertain; d. 3 August 1537. He ...
Thomas Christians, Saint St. Thomas Christians An ancient body of Christians on the east and west coasts of India, claiming spiritual descent ...
Thomas Cottam, Blessed Bl. Thomas Cottam Martyr, born 1549, in Lancashire; executed at Tyburn, 30 May, 1582. His parents, Laurence cottam ...
Thomas Ford, Blessed Bl. Thomas Ford Born in Devonshire; died at Tyburn, 28 May, 1582. He incepted M.A. at Trinity College, Oxford, 14 ...
Thomas Garnet, Saint St. Thomas Garnet Protomartyr of St. Omer and therefore of Stonyhurst College; b. at Southwark, c. 1575; executed ...
Thomas Johnson, Blessed Bl. Thomas Johnson Carthusian martyr, died in Newgate gaol, London, 20 September, 1537. On 18 May, 1537, the twenty ...
Thomas More, Saint St. Thomas More Saint, knight, Lord Chancellor of England, author and martyr, born in London, 7 February, ...
Thomas of Beckington Thomas of Beckington (BEKYNTON.) Bishop of Bath and Wells, born at Beckington, Somerset, about 1390; died at ...
Thomas of Bradwardine Thomas of Bradwardine (BRAGWARDIN, BRANDNARDINUS, BREDWARDYN, BRADWARDYN, DE BREDEWARDINA). Born about 1290; died in ...
Thomas of Cantimpré Thomas of Cantimpre Medieval writer, preacher, and theologian, born of noble parentage at Leuw St. Pierre near ...
Thomas of Celano Thomas of Celano Friar Minor, poet, andhagiographical writer, born at Celano in the Province of the Abruzzi, about ...
Thomas of Dover Thomas of Dover Martyr ; died 2 or 5 August, 1295. On the above date the French ravaged Dover with fire and ...
Thomas of Hereford St. Thomas of Hereford (THOMAS DE CANTELUPE). Born at Hambledon, Buckinghamshire, England, about 1218; died at ...
Thomas of Jesus Thomas of Jesus (THOMAS DE ANDRADA). Reformer and preacher, born at Lisbon, 1529; died at Sagena, Morocco, 17 ...
Thomas of Jorz Thomas of Jorz (Often but erroneously called JOYCE and frequently referred to as ANGLUS or ANGLICUS). ...
Thomas of Strasburg Thomas of Strasburg A fourteenth-century scholastic of the Augustinian Order, born, according to some writers, at ...
Thomas of Villanova, Saint St. Thomas of Villanova Educator, philanthropist, born at Fuentellana, Spain, 1488; died at Valencia, 8 September, 1555. ...
Thomas Percy, Blessed Bl. Thomas Percy Earl of Northumberland, martyr, born in 1528; died at York, 22 August, 1572. He was the eldest ...
Thomas Sherwood, Blessed Bl. Thomas Sherwood Martyr, born in London, 1551; died at Tyburn, London, 7 February, 1578. His parents also ...
Thomas the Apostle, Saint St. Thomas the Apostle Little is recorded of St. Thomas the Apostle, nevertheless thanks to the fourth Gospel his ...
Thomas Thwing, Venerable Ven. Thomas Thwing Martyr. Born at Heworth Hall, near York, in 1635; suffered at York, 23 Oct., 1680. His father was ...
Thomas Woodhouse, Blessed Bl. Thomas Woodhouse Martyr who suffered at Tyburn 19 June, 1573, being disembowelled alive. Ordained in Mary's ...
Thomas, Charles L.A. Charles L.A. Thomas French composer, born at Metz, 5 August, 1811; died at Paris, 12 February, 1896. He gained the ...
Thomassin, Louis Louis Thomassin Theologian and French Oratorian, b. at Aix-en-Provence 28 Aug., 1619; d. in Paris, 24 Dec., ...
Thomism Thomism In a broad sense, Thomism is the name given to the system which follows the teaching of St. ...
Thompson River Indians Thompson River Indians (THOMPSON INDIANS). An important tribe of British Columbia of Salishan linguistic stock, also ...
Thompson, Blessed James Bl. James Thompson (Also known as James Hudson). Martyr, born in or near York; having nearly all his life in that ...
Thompson, Edward Healy and Harriet Diana Edward and Harriet Thompson The name of two English converts : (1) Edward Healy and (2) Harriet Diana. Edward Healy ...
Thompson, Francis Francis Thompson Poet, b. at Preston, Lancashire, 18 Dec., 1859; d. in London, 13 Nov., 1907. He came from the ...
Thompson, Right Honourable Sir John Sparrow David Right Honourable Sir John Sparrow David Thompson Jurist and first Catholic Premier of Canada, b. at Halifax, Nova Scotia , 10 Nov., 1844; d. ...
Thonissen, Jean-Joseph Jean-Joseph Thonissen Professor of law at the University of Louvain, minister in the Belgian Government, b. at ...
Thorlaksson, Arni Arni Thorlaksson An Icelandic bishop, b. in Iceland, 1237; d. at Bergen, 1297. While a deacon, he visited ...
Thorney Abbey Thorney Abbey (i.e. "the isle of thorns", anciently called ANCARIG). Thorney Abbey, in Cambridgeshire, ...
Thorns, Crown of Crown of Thorns Although Our Saviour's Crown of Thorns is mentioned by three Evangelists and is often alluded ...
Thorns, Feast of the Crown of Feast of the Crown of Thorns The first feast in honour of the Crown of Thorns ( Festum susceptionis coronae Domini ) was ...
Thorpe, Venerable Robert Venerable Robert Thorpe Priest and martyr, b. in Yorkshire; suffered at York, 15 May, 1591. He reached the English ...
Thou, Jacques-Auguste de Jacques-Auguste de Thou French historian, b. at Paris, 8 October, 1553; d. there, 7 May, 1617. The son of Christophe de ...
Thou, Nicolas de Nicolas de Thou Bishop of Chartres, uncle of the historian Jacques-Auguste de Thou, b. at Paris, 1528; d. at ...
Three Chapters Three Chapters The Three chapters ( trîa kephálaia ) were propositions anathematizing : (1) the ...
Three Rivers Three Rivers (Quebec) DIOCESE OF THREE RIVERS (TRIFLUVIANENSIS) Formed from the Archdiocese of Quebec , to which it ...
Throne Throne (Latin thronus, cathedra, sedes episcopalis ), the seat the bishop uses when not engaged at ...
Thuburbo Minus Thuburbo Minus A titular see in Africa Proconsularis, suffragan of Carthage. Thuburbo Minus is mentioned in ...
Thugga Thugga Titular see of Numidia, perhaps the Numidian fortress of Tocai mentioned about 305 B.C. by ...
Thugut, Johann Amadeus Franz de Paula Johann Amadeus Franz de Paula Thugut Austrian statesman, born at Linz, 31 March, 1736; died at Vienna, 28 May, 1818. He was the son of ...
Thulis, Venerable John Ven. John Thulis English martyr, born at Up Holland, Lancashire, probably about 1568; suffered at Lancaster, 18 ...
Thun-Hohenstein, Count Leo Count Leo Thun-Hohenstein Austrian statesman, b. at the family castle of Tetschen in Bohemia, 7 April, 1811; d. at Vienna, ...
Thundering Legion Thundering Legion ( Legio fulminata , or fulminea , not fulminatrix ). The story of the Thundering Legion ...
Thuringia Thuringia The name Thuringia is given to a large part of Central Germany, bounded on the west by the ...
Thurmayr, Johannes Johannes Thurmayr (Called AVENTINUS from the place of his birth) Born at Abensberg, Bavaria, 4 July, 1477; died ...
Thyatira Thyatira A titular suffragan see of Sardes in Lydia. According to Stephanus Byzantius, the name was ...
Thynias Thynias A titular see, suffragan of Nicomedia, in Bithynia Prima. It is an island situated in the Black ...
Thyräus, Hermann Hermann Thryaus German Jesuit, b. at Neuss on the Rhine, 1532; d. at Mainz, 26 October, 1591. He studied first ...
Tiara Tiara The papal crown, a costly covering for the head, ornamented with precious stones and pearls, ...
Tibaldi, Pellegrino Pellegrino Tibaldi Known also as Pellegrino da Bologna and as Pellegrino Pellegrini; decorator, mural painter, and ...
Tiberias Tiberias Titular see, suffragan of Scythopolis, in Palaestina Secunda. The town of Tiberias was founded on ...
Tiberias, Sea of Sea of Galilee So called in John 21:1 (cf. 6:1 ), otherwise known as "the sea of Galilee" ( Matthew 4:18 ; Mark ...
Tiberiopolis Tiberiopolis Titular see in Phrygia Pacatiana. Tiberiopolis is mentioned by Ptolemy (V, 2, 25); Socrates ...
Tiberius Tiberius The second Roman emperor ( A. D. 14-37), b. 16 November, 42 B. C. , d. 16 March, A. D. 37. ...
Tibet Tibet A vast plateau, about 463,320 square miles, about 1240 miles in its greatest length from east to ...
Tiburtius and Susanna, Saints Sts. Tiburtius and Susanna Roman martyrs, feast 11 August. The story is related in the legend of St. Sebastian that ...
Ticelia Ticelia Titular see, suffragan of Cyrene, in the Libya Pentapolis. Under this name it is not found in any ...
Tichborne, Ven. Nicholas Ven. Nicholas Tichborne Martyr, b. at Hartley Mauditt, Hampshire; suffered at Tyburn, London, 24 Aug., 1601. He was a ...
Tichborne, Ven. Thomas Ven. Thomas Tichborne Born at Hartley, Hampshire, 1567; martyred at Tyburn, London, 20 April, 1602. He was educated ...
Ticonius Ticonius (Also TYCONIUS, TYCHONIUS, etc.) An African Donatist writer of the fourth century who ...
Ticuna Indians Ticuna Indians A tribe of Indians of some importance, constituting a distinct linguistic stock, inhabiting the ...
Tieffentaller, Joseph Joseph Tieffentaller Jesuit missionary and noted geographer in Hindustan, b. at Bozen in the Tyrol, 27 August, 1710; ...
Tiepolo Tiepolo Giovanni Battista (Giambattista) Tiepolo Born in Venice in 1696; died at Madrid, 27 March, 1770. ...
Tierney, Mark Aloysius Mark Aloysius Tierney Born at Brighton, Sept., 1795; died at Arundel, 19 Feb., 1862. After his early schooling with the ...
Tigris, Saint St. Tigris Irish saint, sister of St. Patrick. Much obscurity attaches to her life, and she has been ...
Tillemont, Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Louis-Sebastien Le Nain de Tillemont French historian and priest, b. at Paris, 30 November, 1637; d. there, 10 January, 1698; he was ...
Tilly, Johannes Tserclæs, Count of Count of Tilly Born at Brabant in 1559; died at Ingolstadt in April, 1632. He was a member of a noble family of ...
Timbrias Timbrias A titular see in Pisidia, suffragan of Antioch. It is called Thymbrium in the official lists ...
Time Time The problem of time is one of the most difficult and most keenly debated in the field of natural ...
Timothy and Symphorian, Saints Sts. Timotheus and Symphorian Martyrs whose feast is observed on 22 August. During the pontificate of Melchiades (311-13), ...
Timothy and Titus, Epistles to Epistles to Timothy and Titus (T HE P ASTORALS STS. TIMOTHY AND TITUS Saints Timothy and Titus were two of the most beloved ...
Timucua Indians Timucua Indians A principal group or confederacy of Ancient Florida, notable for the successful missions ...
Tincker, Mary Agnes Mary Agnes Tincker Novelist, born at Ellsworth, Maine, 18 July, 1833; died at Boston, Massachusetts, 4 December, ...
Tingis Tingis A titular see of Mauretania Tingitana (the official list of the Roman Curia places it in ...
Tinin See of Tinin (Dalmatia) SEE OF TININ (KNIN). Located in Dalmatia ; suffragan to Kalocsa-Bacs. Knin is a town on ...
Tinos and Mykonos Tinos and Mykonos DIOCESE OF TINOS AND MYKONOS (TINENSIS ET MYCONENSIS) A Latin diocese of the Cyclades, ...
Tintern Abbey Tintern Abbey This abbey, in Monmouthshire, England [actually Wales -- Ed. ], was founded in 1131 by ...
Tintoretto, Il Il Tintoretto (J ACOPO R OBUSTI ) Italian painter, b. at Venice, 1518; d. there 1594. His father was a ...
Tipasa Tipasa A titular see of Numidia. The Phoenician word signifies passage. Early in its history we find ...
Tiraboschi, Girolamo Girolamo Tiraboschi Italian scholar, b. in the region of Bergamo, 1731; d. 3 June, 1794. At an early age he entered ...
Tiraspol Tiraspol DIOCESE OF TIRASPOL (or CHERSONESE) (TIRASPOLENSIS; CHERSONENSIS) Diocese in Southern Russia ...
Tisio da Garofalo, Benvenuto Benvenuto Tisio da Garofalo An Italian painter of the Ferrarese school ; b. in 1481 at Garofalo, whence, as was the ...
Tissot, James James Tissot (JOSEPH-JACQUES TISSOT) French draughtsman and painter, b. at Nantes, 15 Oct., 1836; d. at ...
Tithes Tithes (Anglo-Saxon teotha , a tenth). Generally defined as "the tenth part of the increase arising ...
Tithes, Lay Lay Tithes Under this heading must be distinguished (1) secular tithes, which subjects on crown-estates were ...
Titian Titian (T IZIANO V ECELLI , called T ITIAN ). The greatest of Venetian painters, born at Pieve ...
Titopolis Titiopolis (TITIOPOLIS) Titular see, suffragan of Seleucia Trachaea in Isauria. Le Quien (Oriens ...
Titulus Titulus In pagan times titulus signified an inscription on stone, and later the stone which marked ...
Titus Titus Roman Emperor 79-81, b. 30 Dec., 41; d. 13 Sept., 81; son of the Emperor Vespasian, and from the ...
Titus and Timothy, Epistles to Epistles to Timothy and Titus (T HE P ASTORALS STS. TIMOTHY AND TITUS Saints Timothy and Titus were two of the most beloved ...
Titus, Bishop of Bostra Titus, Bishop of Bostra Born about 362-371. Sozomen (Hist. eccl., III, xiv) names Titus among the great men of the time ...
Tius Tius (TIUM) Titular see, suffragan of Claudiopolis in Honorias. According to Strabo (542, 545) the ...
Tivoli Tivoli DIOCESE OF TIVOLI (TIBURTINA) Diocese in the Province of Rome. The city in situated where the ...
Tlaxcala Tlaxcala (TLAXCALENSIS) A former diocese of the colony of New Spain. It was the fifth diocese ...
Tlos Tlos A titular see in Lycia, suffragan of Myra. Tlos was one of the six cities forming the Lycian ...
Toaldo, Giuseppe Giuseppe Toaldo Priest and physicist, b. at Pianezze, 1719; d. at Padua, 1797. In his fourteenth year he entered ...
Toba Indians Toba Indians One of the few still unconquered savage tribes of the great Chaco wilderness of South America, and ...
Tobias Book of Tobias We shall first enumerate the various Biblical persons and then treat the book of this name. I. ...
Tocqueville, Charles-Alexis-Henri-Maurice-Clerel de Alexis de Tocqueville (CHARLES-ALEXIS-HENRI-MAURICE-CLEREL DE TOCQUEVILLE) Writer and statesman, b. at Verneuil, ...
Todi Todi (T UDERTINA ). Diocese in Central Italy ; immediately dependent on the Holy See. The city ...
Tokio Tokio (Tokyo) (Tokiensis) Archdiocese comprising 21 provinces or 15 departments with a population of over ...
Toledo (Ohio) Toledo (Ohio) (Toletana in America) A diocese in Ohio, U.S.A. formed out of the Diocese of Cleveland and ...
Toledo (Spain) Toledo (Spain) ARCHDIOCESE OF TOLEDO (TOLETANENSIS) Primatial see of Spain, whose archbishop, raised almost ...
Toledo, Francisco Francisco Toledo Philosopher, theologian, and exegete, son of an actuary, b. at Córdova, 4 Oct., 1532; d. ...
Tolentino and Macerata Macerata and Tolentino Located in the Marches, Central Italy. Macerata is a provincial capital, situated on a hill, ...
Toleration, History of History of Toleration In any attempt to deal historically with the attitude of the Church towards religious toleration ...
Toleration, Religious Religious Toleration Toleration in general signifies patient forbearance in the presence of an evil which one is ...
Tolomei, John Baptist John Baptist Tolomei A distinguished Jesuit theologian and cardinal, born of noble parentage, at Camberaia, between ...
Tomb Tomb A memorial for the dead at the place of burial, customary, especially for distinguished persons, ...
Tomb of the Blessed Virgin Mary Tomb of the Blessed Virgin Mary The tomb of the Blessed Virgin is venerated in the Valley of Cedron, near Jerusalem. Modern ...
Tomb, Altar Altar Tomb A tomb, or monument, over a grave, oblong in form, which is covered with a slab or table, having ...
Tomi Tomi A titular metropolitan see in the Province of Scythia, on the Black Sea. It was a Greek colony ...
Tommasi, Blessed Giuseppe Maria Bl. Giuseppe Maria Tommasi A Cardinal, noted for his learning, humility, and zeal for reform; born at Licata, Sicily, of ...
Tongerloo, Abbey of Abbey of Tongerloo Located near Antwerp, Belgium, founded in 1128 in honour of the Blessed Virgin, by de ...
Tongiorgi, Salvator Salvator Tongiorgi Philosopher, born at Rome, Italy, 25 December, 1820; d. there, 12 November, 1865. At the age of ...
Tongues, Gift of Gift of Tongues (Glossolalia) (Glossolaly, glossolalia ). A supernatural gift of the class gratiae gratis datae , ...
Tonica Indians Tonica Indians (Or TUNICA). A small tribe constituting a distinct linguistic stock living, when first known ...
Tonkawa Indians Tonkawa Indians A tribal group or confederacy, of low culture status and constituting a distinct linguistic stock, ...
Tonsure Tonsure ( Latin tondere , "to shear") A sacred rite instituted by the Church by which a baptized ...
Tootell, Hugh Hugh Tootell Commonly known as Charles Dodd. Historian, b. in 1671 or 1672, at Durton-in-Broughton, ...
Torah Torah I. USE OF WORD Torah, (cf. Hiph. of ), signifies first "direction, instruction", as, for ...
Torbido, Francesco Francesco Torbido Often called IL MORO (The Moor). Veronese painter and engraver, b. at Verona about 1486; ...
Toribio Alfonso Mogrovejo, Saint St. Toribio Alfonso Mogrovejo Archbishop of Lima ; b. at Mayorga, León, Spain, 1538; d. near Lima Peru, 23 March ...
Tornielli, Girolamo Francesco Girolamo Francesco Tornielli Italian Jesuit, preacher and writer, b. at Cameri, 1 Febreuary, 1693, of a distinguished family ...
Torone Torone A titular see in Macedonia, suffragan of Thessalonica. Torone was a colony of Chalcideans from ...
Toronto Toronto (TORONTINA). Located in the Province of Ontario , Canada. When constituted a diocese, it ...
Torquemada, Tomás de Tomas de Torquemada First Grand Inquisitor of Spain, born at Valladolid in 1420; died at Avila, 16 September, ...
Torres Naharro, Bartolemé de Bartolome de Torres Naharro Spanish poet and dramatist, b. at Torres, near Badajoz, towards the end of the fifteenth ...
Torres, Francisco Francisco Torres (TURRIANUS.) Hellenist and polemicist, born in Herrera, Palencia, about 1509; died at Rome, ...
Torricelli, Evangelista Evangelista Torricelli Italian mathematician and physicist, born at Faenza, 15 October, 1608; died at Florence, 25 ...
Torrubia, José Jose Torrubia Born towards the end of the seventeenth century at Granada, Spain ; died in 1768 in the ...
Tortona Tortona DIOCESE OF TORTONA (DERTONENSIS) Diocese in Piedmont, Italy. The city is situated on the ...
Tortosa Tortosa DIOCESE OF TORTOSA (DERTHUSENSIS, DERTUSA). Located in Spain, suffragan of Tarragona ; ...
Toscanella and Viterbo Viterbo and Toscanella (VITERBIENSIS ET TUSCANENSIS). The city of Viterbo in the Province of Rome stands at the foot ...
Toscanelli, Paolo dal Pozzo Paolo Dal Pozzo Toscanelli Mathematician, astronomer, and cosmographer, b. at Florence in 1397; d. there, 10 May, 1482. ...
Tosephta Tosephta ( Hebrew = addition, supplement ) Tosephta is the name of compilation of ...
Tostado, Alonso Alonso Tostado (ALONSO TOSTATUS) Exegete, b. at Madrigal, Castile, about 1400; d. at Bonilla de la Sierra, ...
Tosti, Luigi Luigi Tosti Benedictine historian, b. at Naples 13 Feb., 1811; d. at Monte Cassino, 24 Sept., 1897. His ...
Totemism Totemism Totemism from ote , root ot , possessive form otem , in the Ojibway dialect of the ...
Totonac Indians Totonac Indians One of the smaller cultured nations of ancient Mexico, occupying at the time of the Spanish ...
Touchet, George Anselm George Anselm Touchet Born at Stalbridge, Dorset; died about 1689. He was second son of Mervyn, twelfth Lord Audley, ...
Toulouse Toulouse A RCHDIOCESE OF T OULOUSE (T OLOSENSIS ) Includes the Department of Haute-Garonne. As ...
Tournély, Honoré Honore Tournely Theologian, b. Antibes, Provence, 28 August, 1658; d. at Paris, 26 December 1729. His parents ...
Tournai Tournai DIOCESE OF TOURNAI (Latin TURNACUM, TORNACUM; Flemish, DOORNIJK — TORNACENSIS) Diocese ...
Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de Joseph Pitton de Tournefort French botanist, b. at Aix in Provence, 5 June, 1656; d. at Paris, 28 Dec., 1708. After his ...
Tournon, Charles-Thomas Maillard de Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon Papal legate to India and China, cardinal, born of a noble Savoyard family at Turin, 21 ...
Touron, Antoine Antoine Touron Dominican biographer and historian, born at Graulhet, Tarn, France, on 5 September, 1686; died ...
Tours Tours (TURONENSIS.) Comprises the Department of Indre-et-Loire, and was re-established by the ...
Toustain, Charles-François Charles-Francois Toustain French Benedictine, and member of the Congregation of St-Maur, born at Repas in the Diocese of ...
Touttée, Antoine-Augustin Antoine-Augustin Touttee A French Benedictine of the Maurist Congregation, b. at Riom, Department of Puy-de-Dôme, ...
Tower of Babel Tower of Babel The "Tower of Babel" is the name of the building mentioned in Genesis 11:19 . History of the ...
Tracy, Alexandre de Prouville, Marquis de Alexandre de Prouville, Marquis de Tracy Viceroy of New France, born in France, 1603, of noble parents ; died there in 1670. A soldier ...
Tradition and Living Magisterium Tradition and Living Magisterium The word tradition (Greek paradosis ) in the ecclesiastical sense, which is the only one in ...
Traditionalism Traditionalism A philosophical system which makes tradition the supreme criterion and rule of certitude. ...
Traducianism Traducianism Traducianism ( tradux , a shoot or sprout, and more specifically a vine branch made to take root ...
Trajan Trajan Emperor of Rome (A.D. 98-117), b. at Italica Spain, 18 September, 53; d. 7 August, 117. He ...
Trajanopolis Trajanopolis Titular metropolitan see of Rhodope. The city owes its foundation or restoration to Trajan. Le ...
Trajanopolis Trajanopolis A titular see of Phrygia Pacatiana, suffragan of Laodicea. The only geographer who speaks ...
Tralles Tralles A titular see, suffragan of Ephesus in Asia Minor. It was founded, it is said, by the Argians ...
Trani and Barletta Trani and Barletta (T RANEN , et Barolen.) Diocese in Italy. The city of Trani is situated on the Adriatic in ...
Transcendentalism Transcendentalism The terms transcendent and transcendental are used in various senses, all of which, as a ...
Transept Transept A rectangular space inserted between the apse and nave in the early Christian basilica. It ...
Transfiguration Transfiguration The Transfiguration of Christ is the culminating point of His public life, as His Baptism is ...
Transfiguration of Christ, Feast of the Feast of the Transfiguration of Christ Observed on August 6 to commemorate the manifestation of the Divine glory recorded by St. ...
Transubstantiation The Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist In this article we shall consider: the fact of the Real Presence , which is, indeed, the central ...
Transvaal Transvaal Vicariate apostolic ; lies between 23° 3' and 27° 30' S. lat., and 25° and 32° ...
Transylvania Transylvania (Also TRANSYLVANIENSIS or ERDELY). Diocese in Hungary, suffragan of Kalocsa Bács. The ...
Trapani Trapani (TREPANENSIS). Diocese in Sicily, suffragan of Palermo. The city is the capital of a ...
Trapezopolis Trapezopolis A titular see in Phrygia Pacatiana, suffragan to Laodicea. Trapezopolis was a town of Caria ...
Trappists Trappists The common name by which the Cistercians who follow the reform inaugurated by the Abbot de ...
Trasilla and Emiliana, Saints Sts. Trasilla and Emiliana Aunts of St. Gregory the Great, virgins in the sixth century, given in the Roman Martyrology, ...
Treason, Accusations of Accusations of Treason A common misrepresentation concerning the Elizabethan persecution of English and Irish Catholics ...
Trebizond Trebizond (TRAPEZUNTINA). An Armenian Catholic diocese. The city owes its ancient name to the fact that ...
Trebnitz Trebnitz A former abbey of Cistercian nuns, situated north of Breslau in Silesia. It was founded in ...
Tredway, Lettice Mary Lettice Mary Tredway (Called "Lady" Tredway) Born 1595; died Oct., 1677; daughter of Sir Walter Tredway, of Buckley ...
Tregian, Francis Francis Tregian Confessor, b. in Cornwall, 1548; d. at Lisbon, 25 Sept., 1608. He was son of Thomas Tregian of ...
Tremithus Tremithus Titular see, suffragan of Salamis in Cyprus. The city is mentioned by Ptolemy (Geog., V, xiii, ...
Trent Trent (TRIDENTUM; TRIDENTINA). Diocese ; suffragan of Salzburg. Trent became universally known ...
Trent, Council of Council of Trent The nineteenth ecumenical council opened at Trent on 13 December, 1545, and closed there on 4 ...
Trenton Trenton (T RENTONENSIS ). Diocese created 15 July, 1881, suffragan of New York, comprises Atlantic, ...
Tresham, Sir Thomas Sir Thomas Tresham Knight Bachelor (in or before 1524), Grand Prior of England in the Order of Knights ...
Treviso Treviso (TARVISINA). Diocese in Venetia (Northern Italy ). The capital is surrounded by the River ...
Tribe, Jewish Jewish Tribe ( Phyle, tribus .) The earlier Hebrew term rendered in our English versions by the word ...
Tricarico, Diocese of Tricarico (TRICARICENSIS.) Located in the Province of Potenza in the Basilicata (Southern Italy ), near ...
Tricassin, Charles Joseph Charles Joseph Tricassin One of the greatest theologians of the Capuchin Order, b. at Troyes ; d. in 1681. There is but ...
Tricca Tricca Titular see, suffragan of Larissa in Thessaly. It was an ancient city of Thessaly, near the River ...
Trichinopoly, Diocese of Trichinopoly (TRICHINOPOLITAN.) Located in India, suffragan of Bombay, comprises the south east portion of ...
Trichur Trichur (TRICHURENSIS.) Vicariate Apostolic in India, one of the three vicariates of the Syro-Malabar ...
Tricomia Tricomia Titular see, suffragan of Caesarea in Palaestina Prima. It is mentioned in George of Cyprus ...
Triduum Triduum (Three days). A time frequently chosen for prayer or for other devout practices, whether ...
Trier Trier (TREVIRENSIS) Diocese ; suffragan of Cologne; includes in the Prussian province of the ...
Triesnecker, Francis a Paula Francis a Paula Triesnecker Astronomer, b. at Kirchberg on the Wagram, in Lower Austria, 2 April, 1745; d. at Vienna 29 ...
Triest-Capo d'Istria Triest-Capo d'Istria (TERGESTINA ET JUSTINOPOLITANA.) Suffragan diocese of Görz-Gradiska ; exists as a ...
Trincomalee Trincomalee (TRINCOMALIENSIS.) Located in Ceylon, suffragan of Colombo, was created in 1893 by a division ...
Trinità di Cava dei Tirrenti, Abbey of Abbey of Trinita di Cava Dei Tirreni Located in the Province of Salerno. It stands in a gorge of the Finestre Hills near Cava dei ...
Trinitarians, Order of Order of Trinitarians The redemption of captives has always been regarded in the Church as a work of mercy, as is ...
Trinity College Trinity College An institution for the higher education of Catholic women, located at Washington, D.C., and ...
Trinity Sunday Trinity Sunday The first Sunday after Pentecost, instituted to honour the Most Holy Trinity. In the early ...
Trinity, The Blessed The Blessed Trinity This article is divided as follows: I. Dogma of the Trinity; II. Proof of the Doctrine from ...
Triple-Candlestick Triple-Candlestick A name given along with several others (e.g. reed, tricereo, arundo, triangulum, lumen Christi ...
Trissino, Giangiorgio Giangiorgio Trissino Italian poet and scholar, b. of a patrician family at Vicenza in 1478; d. at Rome, 8 ...
Tritheists Tritheists (TRITHEITES). Heretics who divide the Substance of the Blessed Trinity. (1) Those who are ...
Trithemius, John John Trithemius A famous scholar and Benedictine abbot, b. at Trittenheim on the Moselle, 1 February, 1462; d. at ...
Trivento Trivento (Triventensis) Diocese in southern Italy. The earliest bishop was St. Castus of an uncertain ...
Trivet, Nicholas Nicholas Trivet (Or "Trevet" as he himself wrote it) B. about 1258; d. 1328. He was the son of Thomas Trevet, a ...
Troas Troas A suffragan of Cyzicus in the Hellespont. The city was first called Sigia; it was enlarged and ...
Trocmades Trocmades (Trocmada) Titular see of Galatia Secunda, suffragan of Pessinus. No geographer or historian ...
Trokelowe, John de John de Trokelowe (THROWLOW, or THORLOW) A monastic chronicler still living in 1330, but the dates of whose birth ...
Trondhjem, Ancient See of Ancient See of Trondhjem (NIDAROS). In Norway it was the kings who introduced Christianity, which first became ...
Trope Trope Definition and Description Trope, in the liturgico-hymnological sense, is a collective name ...
Tropology, Scriptural Scriptural Tropology The theory and practice of interpreting the figurative meaning of Holy Writ. The literal meaning, ...
Troy, John Thomas John Thomas Troy Archbishop of Dublin ; b. in the parish of Blanchardstown, near Dublin, 10 May, 1739; d. at ...
Troyes Troyes (TRECENSIS). Diocese comprising the Department of Aube. Re-established in 1802 as a suffragan ...
Truce of God Truce of God The Truce of God is a temporary suspension of hostilities, as distinct from the Peace of God ...
Truchsess von Waldburg, Otto Otto Truchsess von Waldburg Cardinal-Bishop of Augsburg (1543-73), b. at Castle Scheer in Swabia, 26 Feb., 1514; d. at ...
Trudo, Saint St. Trudo (TRON, TROND, TRUDON, TRUTJEN, TRUYEN). Apostle of Hasbein in Brabant; d. 698 (693). Feast 23 ...
Trudpert, Saint St. Trudpert Missionary in Germany in the seventh century. He is generally called a Celtic monk from ...
True Cross, The The True Cross (AND REPRESENTATIONS OF IT AS OBJECTS OF DEVOTION). (1) Growth Of the Christian Cult ; (2) ...
Trueba, Antonio de Antonio de Trueba Spanish poet and folklorist, b. at Montellana, Biscay, in 1821; d. at Bilbao, 10 March, 1889. In ...
Trujillo Trujillo Diocese comprising the Departments of Lambayeque, Libertad, Pinra, and the Province of Tumbes, ...
Trullo, Council in Council in Trullo This particular council of Constantinople, held in 692 under Justinian II, is generally known as ...
Trumpets, Feast of Feast of Trumpets The first day of Tishri (October), the seventh month of the Hebrew year. Two trumpets are ...
Trumwin, Saint Saint Trumwin (TRIUMWINI, TRUMUINI). Died at Whitby, Yorkshire, England, after 686. He was consecrated by ...
Trustee System Trustee System I In the exercise of her inherent right of administering property, the Church often appoints ...
Trusts and Bequests Trusts and Bequests A trust has been defined, in its technical sense, as the right enforceable solely in equity to ...
Truth Truth Truth (Anglo-Saxon tréow, tryw, truth, preservation of a compact, from a Teutonic base ...
Truth Societies, Catholic Catholic Truth Societies This article will treat of Catholic Truth Societies in the chronological order of their ...
Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha Martyrs whose feast is observed in the Latin Church on 10 November. Tryphon is said to have ...
Tschiderer zu Gleifheim, Johann Nepomuk von Tschiderer Zu Gleifheim Bishop of Trent, b. at Bozen, 15 Feb., 1777; d. at Trent, 3 Dec., 1860. He sprang from a family ...
Tschupick, John Nepomuk John Nepomuk Tschupick A celebrated preacher, b. at Vienna, 7 or 12 April, 1729; d. there, 20 July, 1784. He entered the ...
Tuam Tuam (TUAMENSIS). The Archdiocese of Tuam, the metropolitan see of Connacht, extends, roughly ...
Tuam, School of School of Tuam (Irish, Tuaim da Ghualann , or the "Mound of the two Shoulders"). The School of Tuam was ...
Tubunae Tubunae A titular see in Mauretania Caesariensis, according to the "Gerachia cattolica", or in Numidia ...
Tucson Tucson (T UCSONENSIS ). Suffragan of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe. It comprises the State of ...
Tucumán Tucuman (T UCUMANENSIS ). Suffragan to Buenos Aires, erected from the Diocese of Salta on 15 ...
Tudela Tudela (TUTELÆ, TUTELENSIS). Diocese in Spain. The episcopal city has a population of 9213. ...
Tuguegarao Tuguegarao (TUGUEGARAONENSIS). Diocese in the Philippines ; situated in the north-eastern section of ...
Tulancingo Tulancingo (D E T ULANCINGO ). Diocese in the Mexican Republic, suffragan of Mexico. Its area is ...
Tulasne, Louis-René Louis-Rene Tulasne A noted botanist, b. at Azay-le-Rideau, Dept of Indre-et-Loire, France, 12 Sept., 1815; d. at ...
Tulle Tulle (TUTELENSIS). Diocese comprising the Department of Corrèze. It was suppressed by the ...
Tunic Tunic By tunic is understood in general a vestment shaped like a sack, which has in the closed upper ...
Tunis Tunis French protectorate on the northern coast of Africa. About the twelfth century before Christ ...
Tunja Tunja (T UNQUENENSIS ). Diocese established in 1880 as a suffragan of Bogotá, in the ...
Tunkers Tunkers ( German tunken , to dip) A Protestant sect thus named from its distinctive baptismal rite. ...
Tunstall, Cuthbert Cuthbert Tunstall Bishop of London, later of Durham, b. at Hackforth, Yorkshire, in 1474; d. at Lambeth Palace, ...
Tunstall, Venerable Thomas Ven. Thomas Tunstall Martyred at Norwich, 13 July, 1616. He was descended from the Tunstalls of Thurland, an ancient ...
Tunsted, Simon Simon Tunsted English Minorite, b. at Norwich, year unknown; d. at Bruisyard, Suffolk, 1369. Having joined the ...
Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot Baron de L' Aulne, French minister, born at Parish, 10 May, 1727; died there, 20 March, 1781. ...
Turin Turin (Turino; Taurinensis) The City of Turin is the chief town of a civil province in Piedmont and ...
Turin, Shroud of The Shroud of Turin This name is primarily given to a relic now preserved at Turin, for which the claim is made that ...
Turin, University of The University of Turin The University of Turin was founded in 1404, when the lectures at Piacenza and Pavia were ...
Turkestan Turkestan I. CHINESE TURKESTAN When Jenghiz Khan died (1227) his second son, Djagatai, had the greater part ...
Turkish Empire Turkish Empire Created in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries on the ruins of the Byzantine Empire, from the ...
Turnebus, Adrian Adrian Turnebus Philologist, b. at Andely in Normandy in 1512; d. in Paris, 12 June, 1565. The accounts of the ...
Turpin Turpin Archbishop of Reims, date of birth uncertain; d. 2 Sept., 800. He was a monk of St. Denis ...
Tuscany Tuscany Tuscany, a division of central Italy, includes the provinces of Arezzo, Florence, Grosseto, ...
Tuy Tuy (Tudensis.) Suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Santiago, comprises the civil provinces ...
Twenge, Saint John St. John Twenge Last English saint canonized, canon regular, Prior of St. Mary's, Bridlington, b. near the ...
Twiketal of Croyland Twiketal of Croyland (THURCYTEL, TURKETUL). Died July, 975. He was a cleric of royal descent, who is said to have ...
Tyana Tyana A titular metropolitan see of Cappadocia Prima. The city must first have been called Thoana, ...
Tychicus St. Tychicus A disciple of St. Paul and his constant companion. He was a native of the Roman province of ...
Tynemouth Priory Tynemouth Priory Tynemouth Priory, on the east coast of Northumberland, England, occupied the site of an earlier ...
Types in Scripture Types in Scripture Types, though denoted by the Greek word typoi , are not coextensive with the meaning of this ...
Tyrannicide Tyrannicide Tyrannicide literally is the killing of a tyrant, and usually is taken to mean the killing of a ...
Tyre Tyre (TYRUS.) Melchite archdiocese and Maronite diocese. The city is called in Hebrew, Zor , ...
Tyrie, James James Tyrie Theologian, b. at Drumkilbo, Perthshire, Scotland, 1543; d. at Rome, 27 May, 1597. Educated ...

Pope Francis blesses 100 nativity scenes near the Vatican

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