WASHINGTON, DC (Catholic Online) - Under the ruling, juveniles who commit murder cannot be sentenced to life without parole for crimes which involve murder. The decision as split, 5-4. 

A series of earlier cases has restricted what states can do to juvenile offenders. The court has previously ruled in 2010 that juveniles who commit non-homicide offenses could not be given life without parole, and in 2005 the court ruled that juveniles could not be sentenced to death.

Both of those decisions were written by Justice Anthony Kennedy who based part of his decision on scientific evidence that says a child's brain is not fully developed and therefore a child cannot make rational decisions and should not be held liable for such. 

The most recent cases under review, involved two kids who were each 14 years old at the time of their crimes. One beat and burned a man to death while the other was involved in a robbery that resulted in the death of a convenience store clerk. The boys were charged as adults.

While such sentences are rare, estimates suggest there are at least 2,500 inmates serving life without parole for crimes they  committed as children (under 18). About 79 individuals are serving life without parole for crimes committed while under 14. 

A large part of this is America"s proclivity to sentence people to jail and prison for lengthy periods. The US has the world's largest per capita prison population.

The ruling does not however mean that youth offenders will soon return to the streets. The ruling simply provides a chance at freedom by offering the possibility of parole. Earning parole however, is a different challenge and will depend on the offender's attitude and his reception before the parole board. 

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